01). Clinical presentation of KFD in Germany was comparable to Israel in most aspects.

Conclusion: The clinical presentation of KFD in Israel often resembles a systemic disease with fever, leukopenia and generalized or retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy in more than half of the cases, contrary to the presentation in the Far East, which typically includes cervical lymphadenitis, and less frequently,

systemic manifestations. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Vactosertib Semin Arthritis Rheum 39:515-520″
“Here we present a brief review of the reports concerning proteome modifications under the influence of salicylic acid, which is one of the major mediators of both local and systemic immunity. We describe also the results of our own studies of the salicylate-induced changes in proteomes of pea leaves and roots. Fifteen salicylate-inducible proteins, which were previously unknown, have been identified. Unlike the roots, leaves accumulated some chloroplast proteins and enzymes capable of degrading the pathogen

cell walls. In the roots, salicylic acid increased the content of enzymes, improving the resistance of plant cells themselves, and promoted the disappearance of reductase of oxophytodienic acid. The latter could lead to inhibition of jasmonic Birinapant supplier acid synthesis and stimulation of local immunity. High (apoptotic) concentration of salicylic acid intensified synthesis of root proteins involved in the formation of heteroprotein complexes, which play an important role in the functioning of the signaling system, DNA synthesis and repair, and protein synthesis, refolding, and proteolysis.”
“The review is devoted to comparative characterization of immunochemical methods of detection of mycotoxin, Sapanisertib research buy which belongs to one of the priority groups of the food contaminants. It has been shown that the high specificity and the possibility

of mycotoxin detection in low concentrations combined with existent diverse equipment allow for considering the immunochemical methods of analysis to be the most promising for wide practical application. The analytical characteristics of the existent developments are presented; the merits and demerits of the different kinds of immunoanalytical systems are compared.”
“Published data on the sulfated polysaccharides of various origins that display an anticoagulant activity are summarized and analyzed. The methods used for producing semisynthetic derivatives are considered. A key role of the polysaccharide structure in the mechanisms of specific interaction with various blood plasma proteinases is discussed. The effects of the content and location of sulfate groups in polysaccharides and their molecular weight on the degree of the studied activity are assessed.”
“Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of photosystem I (PSI) complexes of the cyanobacteria Thermosynechococcus elongatus, Arthrospira platensis and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 were studied.

“
“The molecular Proteasome inhibitor drugs basis for biological rhythms is formed by clock genes. Clock genes are functional in the liver, within gastrointestinal epithelial cells and neurons of the enteric nervous system. These observations suggest a possible role for clock genes in various circadian functions of the liver and the gastrointestinal tract through the modulation of organ specific clock-controlled genes. Consequently, disruptions in circadian rhythmicity may lead to adverse health consequences. This

review will focus on the current understanding of the role of circadian rhythms in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal- and hepatic disease such as obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic fatty liver disease and alterations in colonic motility.”
“Objective To determine the frequency of Candida spp., xerostomia, and salivary flow rate (SFR) in three different groups: patients with OLP (OLP group), patients with oral mucosal lesions other than OLP (non-OLP group), and subjects without oral mucosal lesions (control group). Material and methods Xerostomia as well as SFR was investigated in the three groups. Samples for isolation of Candida spp. were collected from OLP lesions (38 patients), non-OLP lesions (28 patients), and healthy subjects (32 subjects). Results There was no statistically

significant difference regarding the frequency of xerostomia selleck compound and hyposalivation among the three groups (P>0.05). A higher prevalence for colonization by Candida spp. was found in the

healthy subject as compared to that of patients with OLP (P=0.03) and non-OLP (P=0.02) groups. Low SFR was not a factor for colonization by Candida spp. Conclusions Xerostomia and hyposalivation occur with similar frequency in subjects with and without oral lesions; also, the presence of oral lesions does not increase the susceptibility to colonization by Candida spp. It seems that any study implicating Candida spp. in the malignant transformation of oral lesions should be carried out mostly on a biochemical basis, that is, by testing the capability of Candida spp. to produce carcinogenic enzyme.”
“Objectives: To develop and validate a disease-specific Quality of Life (QOL) measure for a specialized osteoarthritis (OA)-Kashin-Beck disease (KBD).

Methods: Dinaciclib mw The standard methodology used for developing QOL instruments was employed. In phase 1, initially a group of health care professionals (HCPs) and KBD patient defined the overall concept of KBDQOL. It was followed by generation of an item pool through literature review, in-depth interview of 20 KBD patients and eight KBD HCPs and four focus group discussions. In phase 2, 368 KBD patients were interviewed and the reinterview of 95 participants, 10-14 days later assessed the reproducibility of the KBDQOL instrument.

Results: A 37 items draft instrument was devised during phase 1.

“
“Congenital left ventricular diverticulum

is a rare cardiac malformation. The incidence of left ventricular diverticulum is reported to be 0.05% of all congenital heart malformations. This case series comprised three infants with the diagnosis of congenital left ventricular diverticulum determined by echocardiography. In addition, two of the three babies also were detected to have other cardiac disease. Echocardiography is a useful tool for diagnosing congenital left ventricular diverticulum.”
“Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the accumulation and www.selleckchem.com/products/Belinostat.html deposition of A beta peptides in human brains. A beta peptides are toxic to neurons by lots of mechanisms of which A beta induced oxidative stress Autophagy Compound Library is one of the hypothesis. The present study aimed to determine the effect of Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on A beta(25-35) induced cognitive deficits and oxidative stress and apoptosis effects in rats. Rats were given an injection of aggregated A beta(25-35). After treatment with HBO for 20days, the learning and memory ability, hippocampus neuronal

apoptosis, the activity of SOD, GSH content and the MDA level and mRNA and proteins expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected. Our results demonstrated that HBO could significantly improved the apoptosis hippocampus neuronal induced by A beta(25-35), involving the improvement of the learning and memory impairment, which accompanied of increasing the gene and protein expression of bcl-2 and enhancing the activity of SOD and GSH content. These findings suggest that treatment of HBO might prevent the A beta(25-35) induced learning and memory impairment by increasing the gene and protein expression of bcl-2 and enhancing the activity of SOD and GSH content to alleviate the apoptosis hippocampus neuronal. This suggests that HBO may be a potential therapeutic agent for AD. (C) Versita Sp. z o.o”
“The present study was designed

to understand the effects of LY2835219 mouse sublethal concentrations of dichlorvos (DIC) on hematological constituent [red blood corpuscles, white blood corpuscles (WBC), mean cell volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, platelet counts, hemoglobin and hematocrite levels] and serum damage marker enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanin aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase) in rats at subacute period under laboratory conditions. DIC at dosages of 5 and 10 ppm was administered orally to six male rats ad libitum during the tests for 4 weeks consecutively. According to the results, DIC treatments increased significantly the levels of serum marker enzyme activities, whereas they did not change hematologic constituent except for WBC number treated with both dosages of DIC. The observations presented led us to conclude that the administrations of subacute DIC induced the levels of damage marker enzymes and leukocytosis. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 24: 128-132, 2009.

The references of the manuscripts were cross-checked to implement further articles into the review. The analyzed parameters include demographic data,

indication for LTx and KTx. duration oil the waiting list, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score. immunosuppressive regimen, post-ransplant complications, graft and patient survival. and cause of death. From 1988 to 2009, a total of 22 CLKTx were performed at our institution. The median age of the patients at the time of CLKTx was 44.8 (range: 4.5-58.3 yr). The indications for LTx were liver cirrhosis. hyperoxaluria type 1, polycystic liver disease. primary Or Secondary sclerosing Fludarabine ic50 cholangitis malignant hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. cystinosis, and congenital biliary fibrosis. The KTx indications were end-stage renal disease of various causes. hyperoxaluria type 1, polycystic kidney disease, and cystinosis. The mean follow-up duration for CLKTx patients were 4.6 +/- 3.5 yr (range: 0.5-12 yr). Overall, the most important encountered complications were sepsis (n = 8). liver failure leading to retransplantation (n = 4), liver rejection (n = 3). and kidney rejection

(n = 1). The over-all patient survival rate was 80%. Review of the literature showed that from 1984 to 2008. 3536 CLKTx cases were reported. The main indications for CLKTx were oxalosis of both organs, liver LY411575 clinical trial cirrhosis and chronic renal failure, polycystic liver and kidney disease, and livcr cirrhosis along

NVP-LDE225 cost with hepatorenal syndrome (HIRS). The most common encountered complications following CLKTx were infection. bleeding, biliary complications. retransplantation of the liver, acute hepatic artery thrombosis, and retransplantation of the kidney. From the available data regarding the need for post-operative dialysis (n = 673) a total of 175 recipients (26%) required hemodiaylsis. During the follow-up period, 154 episodes of liver rejection (4.3%) and 113 episodes of kidney rejection (3.2%) occurred. The cumulative 1, 2. 3, and 5 yr SUrvival of both organs were 78.2%, 74.4%, 62.4%, Lind 60.9%, respectively. Additionally. the cumulative 1, 2, 3. and 5 yr patient survival were 84.9%. 52.8′%. 45.4%, and 42.6%, respectively.

The total number of reported deaths was 181 of 2808 cases (6.4%), from them the cause of death in 99 (55%) cases was sepsis. It can be Concluded that there is still no definitive evidence of better graft and patient survival in CLKTx recipients when compared with LTx alone because of the complexity of the exact definition of irreversible kidney function in LTx candidates. Additionally, CLKTx is better to be performed earlier than isolated LTx and KTx leading to the avoidance of deterioration of clinical Status, high rate of graft loss, and mortality.

The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), average SUV (SUVavg), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of primary tumors were measured using a threshold SUV as liver activity for determining the boundary of tumors. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses for overall survival were performed according to the metabolic parameters and other clinical variables.

Cancer-related death occurred in 19 of 55 patients (35

%) during the follow-up period (29 +/- 23 months). On univariate analysis, AJCC stage (stage IV vs. I-III, hazard ratio (HR) = 2.837, p = 0.028), necrosis (G2 vs. G0-G1, HR = 3.890, p = 0.004), SUVmax (1 unit – increase, HR = 1.146, p = 0.008), SUVavg (1 unit – increase, HR = 1.469, p = 0.032) and treatment modality (non-surgical therapy vs. surgery, HR = 4.467, selleckchem p = 0.002) were significant predictors for overall survival. On multivariate analyses, SUVmax (HR = 1.274, p = 0.015), treatment modality (HR = 3.353, p = 0.019) and necrosis (HR = 5.985, p = 0.006) were identified as significant independent prognostic factors associated with decreased

overall survival.

The SUVmax of the primary tumor is a significant independent metabolic prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with STS. Volume-based PET parameters may not add prognostic information outside of the SUVmax.”
“Wrapping of the endotracheal tube with aluminum foil tape can prevent laser-beam-induced ignition of the tube during laryngoplasty. However, this modified endotracheal Nutlin-3 cell line tube may pose complications. Two newborn infants had a portion

of the foil tape trapped in their trachea after extubation from laser supraglottoplasty. One infant was totally asymptomatic. The other infant’s symptoms were masked by the concurrent tracheomalacia. Both residual tapes were radiolucent on chest radiographs. Flexible endoscopy was the suitable and GSK1904529A safe modality for an accurate diagnosis and immediate retrieval of the residual tapes in one session. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Viral entry encompasses the initial steps of infection starting from virion host cell attachment to viral genome release. Given the dynamic interactions between the virus and the host, many questions related to viral entry can be directly addressed by live cell imaging. Recent advances in fluorescent labeling of viral and cellular components, fluorescence microscopy with high sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution, and image analysis enabled studies of a broad spectrum across many viral entry steps, including virus-receptor interactions, internalization, intracellular transport, genomic release, nuclear transport, and cell-to-cell transmission. Collectively, these live cell imaging studies have not only enriched our understandings of the viral entry mechanisms, but also provided novel insights into basic cellular biology processes.

02) independent of age, sex, and ALL subtype, whereas those whose parents were married had better outcomes (rate ratio: 0.47, P=0.01). Urbanization of residence at diagnosis or residence to treating hospital’ distance was not nominally associated with survival from ALL. By contrast, no noteworthy associations implicating SES were found for AML survival, probably because of the burden of the disease and small numbers. Lower SES indicators and a single-parenthood family milieu seem to be independently associated with unfavorable outcomes from childhood ALL. Area remoteness might not be a significant outcome predictor during find more recent years, following considerable improvements

in the motorway infrastructures and care delivery patterns. This study may provide a valuable snapshot capturing the impact of socioeconomic covariates before the burst of the Greek financial crisis. (C) 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.”
“A new spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of captopril (n

donor) through charge transfer complex formation with p-chloranil (pi acceptor). The different experimental parameters that affect the absorbance intensity were carefully studied. Thus, these parameters were optimized using chemometric methods of fractional factorial and central composite design. At the optimum reaction conditions, the rectilinear calibration PFTα Apoptosis inhibitor graphs were obtained in the concentration range 1.86 x 10(-4) to 738 x 10(-4) mol/L captopril with an excellent correlation coefficient (r = 0.9996). The proposed procedure could be applied successfully

for the determination of the investigated drug in their pharmaceutical dosage forms with a good precision and accuracy compared to official and reported method as revealed by F- and t-tests at 95 % confidence level. No interference Napabucasin ic50 was observed from common excipients in formulations.”
“Background: Psoriasis vulgaris is one of the most common dermatologic diseases in Germany with a prevalence of about 2%. Along with efficacy and safety, costs are an important criterion for selecting appropriate therapy for this chronic disease. The majority of the patients with mild to moderate psoriasis vulgaris can be successfully treated with topical therapy alone. The most important agents are vitamin D(3) analogs and corticosteroids either as single agents or in a fixed combination (Daivobet((R))).

Methods: For the evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of different topical psoriasis treatments, a Markov model was developed that compares a fixed combination treatment followed by calcipotriol with a morning/evening application of the individual agents, as well as a comparison with tacalcitol.

Results: The pharmacoeconomic evaluation showed a higher cost-effectiveness of the fixed combination treatment compared to using single agents (morning/evening) and to the tacalcitol.

We used verapamil as an inhibitor of P-gp function in Apc(Min/+) mice, which lack a functional Apc gene product. We determined

the number of intestinal polyps and 1-year survival rates after the ingestion of 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg/day verapamil contained in dry pellets. The number of polyps in Mdr1a(+/+)Apc(Min/+) mice fed with pellets containing verapamil was significantly lower than that in mice fed with verapamil-free pellets. The 1-year survival rate of verapamil-fed mice was also improved in a dose-dependent AG-881 price manner. These results were similar to data from P-gp knockout mice. These results indicated that it might be possible to use verapamil to inhibit polyp development during the early stage of colon carcinogenesis. Thus, we propose a novel chemopreventive agent for colorectal cancer that acts by inhibiting P-gp function. European Journal of Cancer

Prevention 22:8-10 (C) 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013, 22:8-10″
“Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the most common cause of acute or chronic hepatitis in patients on hemodialysis (HD). The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of positive HCV RNA and investigate injection drug use as an emerging risk factor in patients with chronic renal disease on HD. Methods: This was a multicenter cross-sectional study with 325 patients with chronic renal disease on HD in the period between August 1, 2005 to August 30, 2006, receiving care at

four institutions in the city of Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil. Epidemiological selleck data were collected by means of a structured questionnaire. The following laboratory tests were performed: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies (anti-HCV), and qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Of 325 patients, 68 had positive U0126 HCV RNA results. The comparison between patients with positive and negative PCR results revealed significant differences in duration of HD (mean = 71 versus 52.4 months; p = 0.02); previous blood transfusion (92% versus 72%; p < 0.01); injection drug use (13% versus 0.7%; p < 0.01); anti-HCV positivity at start of HD therapy (60% versus 4%; p < 0.01); and mean ALT value (39 versus 26.5; p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed a positive HCV RNA independently associated to being on HD for more than five years [OR: 2.1 (95% CI 1.2 - 3.8)]; previous blood transfusion [OR: 3.7 (95% CI 1.4 - 9.5)]; and injection drug use [OR: 22.6 (95% CI 4.2 - 119.6)]. Conclusion: Injection drug use was an independent risk factor for HCV infection among chronic renal disease patients on HD.”
“To gain insights into the antitumor mechanisms of resveratrol (RES), we carried out a DNA microarray analysis in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 to study the global gene expression profile induced by RES treatment.

031), but also with the GSK1838705A concentration proximal occlusion of the bronchial tree (p = 0.042). We noted a marginally not significant correlation between arteriosclerosis and metabolic syndrome (p = 0.075), independent from a history of CAD (p = 0.84). Conclusions: Bronchial arteries exhibit only medial calcific sclerosis.

CAD and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease do not seem to affect them in terms of atherosclerotic alteration findings or vessel diameter changes. The bronchial resistance to arteriosclerosis might support the mediastinal status quo through their anastomoses, contributing to all its structures, and might be indirect evidence of a different physiological function of the bronchial endothelium, which needs to be further investigated.

Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“While the SB202190 in vitro cerebellum’s role in motor function is well recognized, the nature of its concurrent role in cognitive function remains considerably less clear. The current consensus paper gathers diverse views on a variety of important roles played by the cerebellum across a range of cognitive and emotional functions. This paper considers the cerebellum in relation to neurocognitive development, language function, working memory, executive function, and the development of cerebellar internal control models and reflects upon some of the ways in which better understanding the cerebellum’s status as a “”supervised learning machine”" can enrich our ability to understand human function and adaptation. As all contributors agree that the cerebellum plays a role in cognition, there is also an agreement that this conclusion remains highly inferential. Many conclusions about the role of the cerebellum in cognition originate from applying known information about cerebellar

contributions to the coordination and quality of movement. These inferences are based on the uniformity of the cerebellum’s compositional infrastructure and its apparent modular organization. There is considerable support for this view, based upon observations of patients with pathology within the cerebellum.”
“Background and Purpose: Surgeons anecdotally report awareness of nontactile sensory cues that compensate for absent haptic feedback in robot-assisted surgery. This study investigates this poorly understood adaptive process by evaluating frequency of in vivo suture ZD1839 molecular weight damage.

Patients and Methods: Consecutive cases of children undergoing robot-assisted dismembered pyeloplasty were examined. Suture damage was defined as incomplete (i.e., fraying) or complete (i.e., broken) loss of thread integrity and prospectively recorded with clinical data. Suture technique, size, and robotic instruments used for suturing were subjected to post hoc analysis. Statistical analysis was undertaken using appropriate nonparametric tests.

Results: Overall frequency of suture damage was 2.6% among 1135 sutures used in 52 patients.

01). Similarly, the mean Active Movement Scale score for external rotation improved from 3 to 6 (p < 0.01). The mean Mallet hand-to-spine score improved from 1 to 2 (p < 0.01). The mean Active Movement Scale score for internal rotation remained constant at 6. Radiographically, the mean glenoid version improved from -39 degrees preoperatively to -18 degrees postoperatively (p < 0.01). The mean percentage of the humeral head anterior to the middle of the glenoid similarly improved from 13% to 38% (p < 0.01). The mean glenohumeral deformity score improved from 3 to 2 (p < 0.01). Nineteen (83%) of the twenty-three patients

demonstrated glenohumeral remodeling; one patient had progressive worsening of glenohumeral deformity.

CONCLUSIONS: Tendon transfers to the rotator cuff, combined with musculotendinous lengthenings and open reduction of the glenohumeral joint, THZ1 chemical structure learn more improve global shoulder function and lead to glenohumeral joint remodeling in the majority of selected patients with mild-to-mode rate preexisting glenohumeral dysplasia secondary to brachial plexus birth palsy. Future study of the long-term outcomes of these procedures will help to clarify the ultimate effect on glenohumeral joint function.”
“Background: Bronchoscopic thermal vapor ablation (BTVA) ablates emphysematous tissue through a localized

inflammatory response followed by contractive fibrosis and tissue shrinkage leading to lung volume reduction that should not be influenced by collateral ventilation. Objectives: To determine the correlation of clinical data from a trial of BTVA with fissure integrity visually assessed by computed tomography (CT). Methods: We conducted a single-arm study of patients with upper lobe-predominant emphysema Stattic JAK/STAT inhibitor (n = 44). Patients received BTVA either to the right upper lobe or left upper lobe, excluding the lingula. Primary efficacy outcomes were forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and St. George’s Respiratory

Questionnaire (SGRQ) at 6 months. Lobar volume reduction from CT was another efficacy outcome measurement. The fissure of the treated lobe was analyzed visually on preinterventional CT. Incompleteness of the small fissure, the upper half of the right large fissure and the whole left large fissure were estimated visually in 5% increments, and the relative amount of fissure incompleteness was calculated. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for the association between fissure incompleteness and change in efficacy outcomes (baseline to 6 months) of BTVA. Results: A total of 38 out of 44 patients (86%) had incompleteness in the relevant fissure. Calculated relevant fissure incompleteness was a mean of 13% of fissure integrity (range 0-63). Correlation coefficients for the association of incompleteness with outcomes were as follows: FEV1 = 0.17; lung volume reduction = -0.27; SGRQ score = -0.10; 6-min walk distance = 0.0; residual volume (RV) = -0.

Studies on firing properties of sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia demonstrate that the effects of gain-of-function Danusertib mutations in Na(v)1.7 on the excitability of these neurons depend on the presence of Na(v)1.8, which suggests a similar physiological interaction of these two channels in humans carrying the Na(v)1.7 pain mutation.

Conclusions.

These studies suggest that isoform-specific blockers of these channels or targeting of their modulators may provide novel approaches to treatment of pain.”
“Endobronchial

tumours requiring sleeve resection have been usually considered a contraindication for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). However, with new technical advances and the experience gained in VATS, sleeve lobectomy has been performed by thoracoscopy in experienced VATS centres. Right-sided sleeve anastomoses are easier to perform by VATS than left-sided ones because of the presence of the pulmonary artery and aortic arch on the left side. Most surgeons use a 3 to 4 incision VATS technique for sleeve anastomosis but the surgery can be performed by using only one incision. This is the first report of a left-sided sleeve lobectomy by uniportal approach.”
“The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport www.selleckchem.com/products/BMS-777607.html of newly synthesized

transmembrane and secretory proteins. The ER also has important roles in the storage of intracellular Ca2+ and regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis. The integrity of the Ca2+ homeostasis in the ER lumen is vital for proper folding of proteins. Dysregulation of ER Ca2+ could result in an increase in unfolded or misfolded proteins and ER stress. ER stress triggers activation of the unfolded protein response

(UPR), which is a fundamentally adaptive cell response and functions as a cytoprotective mechanism by over-expression of relevant chaperones and the global shutdown of protein synthesis. UPR activation occurs when three key ER membrane-sensor proteins detect an accumulation of aberrant proteins. The UPR acts to alleviate ER stress, but if the stress is selleck chemical too severe or prolonged, apoptosis will be triggered. In this review, we focused on ER stress and the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on ER stress. DHA and its bioactive compounds, such as protectins and resolvins, provide neuroprotection against oxidative stress and apoptosis and have the ability to resolve inflammation in neurological diseases. New studies reveal that DHA blocks inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-mediated ER Ca2+ depletion and ER stress. The administration of DHA post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) reduces ER stress, aberrant protein accumulation, and neurological deficits. Therefore, DHA presents therapeutic potentials for TBI via its pleiotropic effects including inhibition of ER stress.”
“Background.