Treatment type. SEER variables, RX Summ-radiation and RX summ-surg prim site were used to define treatment types: “Surgery” for patients who had surgery (local tumor destruction and excision, and gastrectomy) and/no radiation, “Radiation therapy only” for patients who only had radiation therapy, “Untreated”

for patients who did not have surgery nor radiation therapy, and “Unknown”. Information on chemotherapy was not available in SEER. Grade. Grade was defined by the following ICD-O-2 codes; well/moderately differentiated Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical (Code 1-2), poorly differentiated/undifferentiated (Code 3-4), and others (Code 5-9). Histological type. Histological types were defined by the following ICD-O-3 codes: 8140- for adenocarcinoma, 8490 for Signet ring cell carcinoma, and the rest of the types were categorized as ‘Others’. The size of the primary tumor and the presence of lymph node involvement were not of interest in the current analysis. Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Our cohort consisted entirely of patients with metastatic disease. Statistical analysis Subjects were grouped by age to 18-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, and 75 and older. We stratified Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical them by sex, race, marital Navitoclax cell line status, treatment

type, grade, histological type, and primary site. Descriptive statistics were calculated for categorical variables using frequencies and proportions. Sex, race, tumor grade, marital status, primary site, histological type, and treatment type were independent variables. Differences among age groups in each subgroup were evaluated using the chi-square test. We constructed Cox proportional Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical hazards models to examine the association between age and survival in men and female separately. We compared survival across age groups adjusting for potential confounders including geographic

region and year of diagnosis. By conducting this analysis Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical separately by gender, we were able to determine pattern differences between genders. The Cox proportional hazards model included year of diagnosis and participating SEER registry site as stratification variables. Marital status, treatment, primary site, histology, tumor grade and differentiation, size of primary tumor, and lymph node involvement were used as covariates. Hazard Ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals were generated, with hazard ratios less than 1.0 indicating heptaminol survival benefit (or reduced mortality). Pairwise interactions (age and sex, age and race, and sex and race) were checked using stratified models and were tested by comparing corresponding likelihood ratio statistics between the baseline and nested Cox proportional hazards models that included the multiplicative product terms (36). Departure of the proportional hazard assumption of Cox models will be examined graphically such as log-log survival curves or smoothed plots of weighted Schoenfeld residuals (37) and by including a time-dependent component individually for each predictor. All analyses were conducted using P<0.