This suggests that the sympathetic system is involved in the bradycardic effect of GABA. On the other hand, administration (i.v.) of a selective vasopressin V(1) receptor antagonist abolished the pressor effect of BMI, which indicates that the GABAergic system of the BST decreases the arterial pressure via tonic SCH772984 research buy inhibition of vasopressin release. In summary, we demonstrated, for the first time, that GABA exerts its influence in the BST through the activation of GABA(A), but not GABA(B), receptors

that, in turn, tonically inhibit vasopressin release and sympathetic outflow to the heart. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: The goal of this study is to compare our results following open and endovascular infrainguinal revascularizations in patients >= 80 and <80 years old presenting with critical limb ischemia (CLI) and to determine if limb salvage (LS) attempt is justified in patients >= 80 with CLI, especially following endovascular interventions.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 344 consecutive patients (399 limbs) who presented with CLI and underwent infrainguinal open or endovascular (EV) MK-1775 mw revascularizations between June 2001 and December 2007 was performed. Patients >= 80 (89 patients, 101 limbs) and <80 years old (255 patients, 298

limbs) were compared for demographics, characteristics, patency, limb salvage, sustained clinical success (preservation of

limb, freedom from target extremity revascularization (TER), and resolution of symptoms), secondary clinical success (preservation of limb and resolution of symptoms), overall improvement alsactide (preservation of limb, improvement of symptoms), and survival.

Results: Patients a:80 were more likely to be nonambulatory and have coronary artery disease, whereas those <80 were more likely to have hypertension, hyperlipidemia, dialysis-dependence, active tobacco abuse, and taking beta-blockers. Primary amputation rates were similar between two groups (<80 vs >= 80, 6.7% vs 8.1%, P = .530). Perioperative mortality was significantly worse in >= 80 group in the open-treated group (16.2% vs 2.9%, P = .009), whereas it was similar in ENT-treated patients (3.1% vs 0.6%, P = .197). The patency rates were similar between groups, however, LS was significantly better in >= 80 EV-treated patients than <80 group, whereas it was similar between groups in open-treated patients. Sustained clinical success, secondary clinical success, and overall improvement rates were similar between age groups. Endovascular-treated patients in >= 80 had significantly better overall improvement than those who were treated by open revascularization (24-month overall improvement 83% +/- 5% vs 61% +/- 9%, P = .043).