The postoperative platelet level may indicate occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), but because postoperative laboratory data obtained before death only examined complete blood cell count, our ability to evaluate the existence of DIC was limited. Furthermore, the patient presented with hematochezia from admission, at which point she presented with neither abnormal vital

signs nor anemia. Spontaneous intestinal bleeding could be assumed to have continued during the whole clinical course from admission Compound C mouse until death. Furthermore, given the lack of intraoperative colonoscopy, it is difficult to completely exclude the possibility of rough manipulation of the bowel causing the severe hemorrhage. In addition to the etiology of PI remaining unclear, clear

explanation for the intestinal bleeding in the current case is difficult to provide. However, the previously stable blood pressure, hemoglobin and hematocrit all rapidly and substantially decreased only right after the slight injury to the spleen, 2 h after the incision and lysis of adhesions of the whole lower intestine had already been finished without encountering any problems. On the basis of this fact, we concluded that intestinal hemorrhage leading to hypovolemic shock was due to the rupture of pneumatosis accelerated by some molecular factors released following splenic injury, rather than simply the splenic Trichostatin A purchase bleeding itself. Although the pathophysiological process Cyclin-dependent kinase 3 underlying PI

remains poorly understood, we speculate that some molecular factors released during surgical intervention, particularly after partial injury of the spleen, accelerated rupture of the submucosal emphysema followed by intraluminal hemorrhage. Conclusion This represents a rare case of PI that initially presented in benign fashion before progressing rapidly to a fulminant and fatal course. Had the bleeding lesion been clearly identified, complete resection could have been performed during laparotomy and may have resulted in a different outcome. PI is frequently asymptomatic in adults and detected incidentally. The true incidence of PI is thus likely much higher than appreciated. The present case serves as an illustrative example of the risk of surgical management in patients with PI. Surgeons should recognize that surgery may induce rupture of intestinal pneumatosis. Consent Written informed consent for publication of this case report and all accompanying images was obtained from the patient’s next of kin. A copy of the written informed consent is LCZ696 solubility dmso available for review. Figure 4 Microscopic histological appearance of the ascending colon. Microscopic histological appearance of the specimen of the ascending colon shows multiple foci of pneumatosis, which are compatible with pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis. This study also shows hemorrhage within the mucosa without any necrotic features.