AF331831), VR2332 (GenBank accession no. EF536003) and MLV (GenBank accession no. AF159149) available in GenBank. Only the amino acids different from those in the consensus sequence are indicated. The black boxed residues indicate AZD8186 the immunodominant https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gant61.html B-cell linear epitopes AA position sites. B, Hydrophobicity profiles of ORF2 generated by the Kyte and Doolittle method using DNAstar program. Major areas of difference

are indicated by arrows. a, LS-4 was a representative of other five isolates because the same plots were shown for ST-7, GCH-3, HM-1, HQ-5, HQ-6 and LS-4. b, VR2332 was a representative of other three reference virus because the same plots were shown for BJ-4 and MLV. The highly glycosylated ORF3-encoded protein is the second most variable PRRSV protein [7], showing approximately an evolutionary divergence of Selleck Dibutyryl-cAMP 0.144-0.157 with VR-2332, MLV and BJ-4 (Additional file 4). Marcelo et al (2006) reported that 4 overlapping consecutive peptides (AA positions 61-105) were strongly immunoreactive with 85-100% of the tested sera. Those peptides were predicted to be located in the most hydrophilic region within the ORF3 sequence. Marcelo et al

suggested that this region might be considered as an important immuno-dominant domain of the gp3 of North American strains of PRRSV [30]. In this study, eight AA mutations were detected at position 64 to 85 within four overlapping consecutive peptides (Figure 3A). Additionally, two novel epitopes located at 73-87aa (named GP3EP3) and 66-81aa (named GP3EP7) were identified in the gp3 of Chinese isolate (US-type)

of PRRSV [34]. These authors found that the minimum amino acid sequence requirements for epitope binding were 74-85aa (W74CRIGHDRCGED85) and 67-74aa (Y67EPGRSLW74) using mutation deletion analysis. Especially these Casein kinase 1 mutations at AA positions 64 (T→A), 67 (Y→L), 71 (R→K), 73 (L→F), 79 (Y→H), 83(E→S/G) and 85(D→N) affect obviously the hydrophobicity of gp3 protein comparing to VR2332 and MLV (Figure 3B). Furthermore, antigenic index analysis was predicted to observe the changes of antigenic characterization by DNAstar program (DNAStar Lasergene V7.10). The changes of the antigenic index were found to be at AA positions 60-90 (Additional file 5). Additional substitutions were observed at AA positions 1 to 10, 130 to 150 and 205-230, where AA mutations at these regions occurred correspondingly (Additional file 5). However, further investigations are needed to determine the effects of such mutations on the host-virus interaction. Figure 3 The deduced amino acid sequence comparison and hydrophobicity profiles of the gp3 proteins between the 7 isolates and reference viruses. A, deduced amino acid sequence comparison of the gp3 proteins between the 7 isolates from China (GenBank accession no.