Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:386-389, 2012. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.”
“Objective To describe the technique of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) with Descemet’s membrane (DM) exposure in horse eyes. Also, to compare the efficacy

and safety of viscodissection and big-bubble techniques for DALK. Animals studied Thirty-four ex vivo horse eyes. Procedure Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty was performed in 34 ex vivo horse eyes. Two groups (Group V – viscodissection – 2% sodium hyaluronate; Group A – air – big-bubble) of 17 eyes were studied. Other than the substance used, the surgical technique was similar for both groups. Nonperforated eyes were submitted for light microscopic Thiazovivin in vivo histologic evaluation and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. Results Group V – Perforations occurred in 18% of the eyes during surgery. Light microscopy revealed exposure of DM in 28% of the eyes with mean thickness of the remaining stroma being 70.4m. Group A – Perforations occurred in 42% of the eyes. Light microscopy revealed exposure of DM in 60% of the eyes with mean thickness of the remaining stroma being

23.3m. No significant differences in safety, efficacy and thickness of the remaining stroma (including all eyes or excluding those with DM exposure) were observed. SEM of the surgical site revealed a more even surface in those eyes with DM exposure compared to eyes with thicker remaining see more stroma in both groups. Conclusions We describe two DALK techniques (viscodissection and big-bubble) for use in horses. No significant differences in safety, efficacy and thickness of the remaining stroma were observed. However, a nonsignificant trend toward the big-bubble technique being more efficacious but less safe was observed.”
“Aims A review of the current state of research with regard to prevention of incontinence. Methods: The search was

limited to English language publications on the topic of incontinence prevention. Results: Incontinence is associated with a range of risk factors, most of which are modifiable. Lifestyle changes with behavioral modifications that can prevent urinary incontinence (UI) need to be adopted from an early phase of life. Pregnancy per se for the woman, independent of labor and delivery practice, Vorinostat chemical structure is a risk factor for UI. The influence of estrogen is still under discussion as to its direct influence to UI. For both men and women, there is a correlation between pelvic-floor related surgery and UI and fecal incontinence (FI). With further improvement in surgical techniques, UI is often only a transient symptom for most patients. Psychological illnesses and their treatment can induce or worsen incontinence and therefore should be evaluated especially with other necessary co-medications. Conclusions: The evidence would suggest that in some cases incontinence can be prevented.