In this study, both test beverages resulted in higher CHOTOT compared with P during exercise undertaken at 50% Wmax. As steady state exercise intensity was comparable across trials (for oxygen uptake, power output and perceived exertion), the use of P resulted in a higher rate of CHOENDO and FATTOT, which was expected. The inclusion of the two test beverages resulted in lower CHOENDO, potentially decreasing check details reliance on hepatic glucose utilisation, and permitting glycogen sparing, particularly in type I muscle fibres, during continuous aerobic exercise. Indeed, as the use of carbohydrate beverages has been shown to spare glycogen early

into exercise [39], this may provide a subtle benefit late into exercise if CHOTOT is enhanced. Whilst CHO sparing from endogenous sources was apparent with both test beverages across all time points, it was specifically noted that CHOTOT was 16.1% greater with MD + F compared to MD in the final 30 minutes of the oxidation trial. This differs from previous research utilising similar dosing strategies of fructose: maltodextrin [11], which is surprising considering CHOEXO rates during the same time frame were significantly increased and comparable to

values observed in the current study. As there was a progressive increase in CHOEXO with MD + F throughout the oxidation trial (with mean CHOEXO of 1.27 g.min-1 being significantly greater than MD), this implies that intestinal saturation was not a limiting factor at this dosage, as supported Metabolism inhibitor elsewhere [5, 11]. During the MD trial, CHOEXO was maintained from 90 minutes indicating potential saturation GDC-0994 cell line of the SGLT1 transporter mechanism. As there was no significant difference in either average CHOEXO or carbohydrate oxidation efficiency between the test beverages prior to this, the use of combined sugar beverages may be more applicable for events lasting longer than 90 minutes, supporting current recommendations [4]. It should also be noted that participants in this study undertook the oxidation trial following an overnight fast. Whilst this is not normal practice MycoClean Mycoplasma Removal Kit for trained

athletes competing, it has been shown that the influence of low dietary carbohydrate availability prior to sustained exercise has little impact on accumulated CHOEXO and steady state performance [40] in the presence of CHO beverages. However, more prolonged states of starvation have been shown to reduce CHOEXO[41]. In the current study, participants maintained their habitual diet which was unlikely to significantly impact on CHOEXO. Peak CHOEXO for MD + F compared well with previous research [5, 8, 11], with values reaching 1.45 ± 0.09 g.min-1, 35.5% greater than MD, by the end of the oxidation trial. When lower ingestion rates of 0.8 g.min-1 have been employed to replicate practices employed by athletes (48 g.hr-1), peak CHOEXO were not significantly different between glucose + fructose versus glucose only beverages (0.56 v 0.58 g.min-1 respectively, [9]).