For example, phospholipase produced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus does not show hemolytic activity in the absence of PC, but does show such activity in its presence (29). Aeromonas sobria produces lipase in the milieu when cultured in NB (0.5). The nascent lipase synthesized in the cytoplasm translocates

efficiently across the inner membrane with the help of a signal peptide located at the amino terminal end. Judging from the sequence of this signal peptide, we think that it is a lipoprotein signal peptide. The carboxy-terminal end of the signal peptide contains so-called lipobox. The consensus sequence of lipobox is Leu-Ala/Ser-Gly/Ala-Cys at the −  3 to this website +  1 position and the sequence corresponding to the region of the lipase is Leu-Ala-Gly-Cys. The sequence of MLN8237 price the region of the lipase fulfills the condition of the consensus sequence. Lipobox has information for modification with a diacyl-glycerol at the site +  1 cysteine

residue (31). After modification of the +  1 cysteine of the pre-protein, the signal peptide is cleaved from the pre-protein by signal peptidase II. The cysteine residue, which is modified with diacyl-glycerol, is cleaved off from the main body of the lipase during/after translocation across the outer membrane. The lipase might mature as a result of these processes. However, although the lipase gene was transcribed well and adequate amounts of the mRNA of the gene were generated, the amount of lipase produced by A. sobria outside of the cell was very low when the bacteria were grown in NB (3.0), the lipase activity of the culture supernatant being lower than the detection limit. This indicates that a large amount of nascent lipase might have been synthesized in the cytoplasm and then appeared in the periplasm; however, we believe that active lipases were not produced

because the subsequent event, in which nascent lipase is converted into the active form in the periplasm, did not proceed successfully in A. sobria cultured in NB (3.0). A large proportion of non-active lipase might be digested by proteases in the periplasm. In order to confirm Calpain this hypothesis, the presence of lipase in the periplasm of A. sorbria cultured in NB (3.0) would have to be proved. Involvement of a specific small RNA is another possible explanation for a small amount of lipase being produced when A. sorbria is cultured in NB (3.0). Small RNAs have been recognized as regulators that are involved in many important biological processes, affecting all steps of gene expression (32). It is possible that the concentration of NaCl surrounding A. sobria affects production of small RNA. Further studies are necessary to show involvement of small RNA in the regulation of production of lipase when NaCl is surrounding the bacteria.