120). These results show psychosocial factors have an almost two-fold greater influence on adolescent suicidal ideation than genetic factors. Assessment and modification of these factors would greatly assist future interventions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Hyperpolarisation-activated (I-h,) currents are considered important for dendritic integration, synaptic transmission, setting membrane potential and rhythmic action potential (AP) discharge in neurons of the central nervous system. Hyperpolarisation-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels underlie these currents and are composed of homo- and hetero-tetramers

of HCN channel subunits (HCN1-4), which confer distinct biophysical properties on the channel. Despite understanding the structure function relationships of HCN channels with different subunit stoichiometry, our knowledge of their expression in defined neuronal populations remains limited. I BET 762 Recently, we www.selleckchem.com/products/Y-27632.html have shown that HCN subunit expression is a feature of a specific population of dorsal horn interneurons that exhibit high-frequency AP discharge. Here we expand on this observation and use neuroanatomical markers to first identify

well-characterised neuronal populations in the lumbar spinal cord and hippocampus and subsequently determine whether HCN4 expression correlates with high-frequency AP discharge in these populations. In the spinal cord, HCN4 is expressed in several putative inhibitory interneuron populations including parvalbumin (PV)-expressing islet cells (84.1%; SD: +/- 2.87), in addition to all putative Renshaw cells and la inhibitory interneurons. Similarly, virtually all PV-expressing cells in the hippocampal CA1 subfield (93.5%; +/- 13.40) and the dentate gyrus (90.9%; +/- 16.38) also express HCN4. This HCN4 expression profile in inhibitory interneurons mirrors both the prevalence of I-h, sub-threshold currents and high-frequency AP discharge. Our findings indicate that HCN4 subunits are expressed in several populations of spinal and hippocampal interneurons, which are known to express both I-h sub-threshold currents

and exhibit high-frequency AP discharge. As HCN channel function plays a critical role in pain perception, learning and memory, and sleep as well as the pathogenesis’ of several neurological Janus kinase (JAK) diseases, these findings provide important insights into the identity and neurochemical status of cells that could underlie such conditions. (C) 2013 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Virus-like particles (VLPs) can be generated from Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), but different strains yield variable quantities of particles. Here, we define the genetic basis for these differences and show that amino acid 234 in E2 substantially affects VLP production. This site is located within the acid-sensitive region (ASR) known to initiate a major conformational change in E1/E2.