We think that the affected part seems to be the L region because it inhibits bladder contraction and also elicits the external urethral sphincter activity. It is also possible that both storage centers may be affected. Increased https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Trichostatin-A.html late latency times may also derive from suprasegmental dysfunction that can be seen in the elderly

population due to vascular lesions. However all of the patients’ neurological examination was normal and none of the brain MRI scans of the patients reveal pathology. In patients with storage LUTS, the afferent receptors and nerves of the bladder may be activated during the storage phase and, in some individuals, this may result in activation of the M region, leading to involuntary contractions and storage symptoms. However, in normal subjects, there appears to be reciprocal inhibition between the M region and the L region, facilitating either micturition or urine storage.[31] This intense

vesical afferent activity may be inhibited through activation of the L region and might not result in storage symptoms. If this inhibitory effect is delayed because of a disorder in the reticular formation, subjects may encounter storage symptoms, such as an increased response time of the orbicularis occuli muscle to the stimulus of the supraorbital nerve (increased late blink latency time). The major limitation of our study is a lack of assessment of DO Vincristine nmr using cystometry. Because of invasive examination, cystometry has not been performed. However, there is a close association between storage symptoms and DO in men.[9, 37] Uroflowmetry represents a noninvasive and inexpensive, but indirect, indicator of urinary performance measurements for BOO.[38] In order to eliminate BOO as a factor, patients with peak flows higher than 15 mL/sec were excluded from the storage symptom group. Storage symptoms may result secondary to BOO or changes in urothelial receptor function and to neurotransmitter release or changes in the excitability and coupling of detrusor muscle cells. Another attractive

possibility for explaining storage symptoms might be that they are related to a disorder in the pontine reticular formation, which could also lead to increases in late blink latency times. The nature of this association between the blink reflex and Thalidomide storage symptoms is not clear. There may be a defect in the pontine reticular formation among patients with storage symptoms. This pathology could affect both the blink reflex and the L region, nucleus reticularis pontis oralis and lead to increased late blink latency times and storage symptoms. In order to examine the pontine reticular formation pathology in patients with storage symptoms, studies on other pontine reticular formation-regulated reflexes are needed. The authors have no actual or potential conflict of interest in relation to this article.