This approach illustrates that the inhibition of the fungus in co-culture was dependent on the presence of compounds of group 1 (component 1–4; □) and group 2 (component KU-60019 in vitro 16–18; ◊). For numbers of the relevant compounds see Table 1: □ 1,2,3,4; ◊ 16–18; ○ 22; Δ 13; ӿ 5–12, 14–15, 19–21, 23–24. Table 2 Substances released
into the agar by the different isolates singly, or in co-culture with N. parvum Origin of isolate/co-culture Streptomycete isolates Identified metabolites Rhizosphere M2 1,2,3,4,5,6,7.13 M4 1,2,3,4,7,13 M5 1,2,3,4,8,9,10 M7 8,14,15 M8 6,8,11,15 Root surface MW1 5,12 MW2 1,2,3,4,12 MW4 1,2,3,4,13 MW6 1,7 MW9 1,2,3,4,7,12,13 Rhizosphere bacteria + N. parvum BM2 1,2,3,16,17,21,23,24 BM4 1,2,3,16,17,18 BM5 1,2,3,4,17,18,19,22 BM7 14,15,17,18 BM8 15,16,21 Root surface
bacteria + N. parvum BMW1 1,2,3,5,21 BMW2 1,2,3,4,13,16,17,18,23,24 BMW4 1,2,3,4,16,17,18,19,20,21 BMW6 13,21,30,31,32 BMW9 1,2,3,7,16,17,22 In co-culture, substances can result from both organisms. M, isolates from rhizosphere soil; MW, isolates from the surface of Araucaria roots. We could not test the effects of single compounds or combinations thereof, as they are not commercially available. They only can be obtained from preparative batch cultures. We have done this before [36], but due to the considerable necessary efforts, Enzalutamide manufacturer this could not be done for the present investigation. Association statistics of the streptomycete isolates and their inhibitory effects on N. parvum MG-132 in vitro revealed that under co-culture, the strong inhibitory BM (BM2, 4, 5; Figure 5 ○)
and BMW groups (BMW2, 4, 9; Figure 5 Δ, encirceld) were even more widely separated. This indicates that the co-cultures showing the highest degree of inhibition were not only different from one another but also very different from the rest of the non-inhibiting cultures with regard to their exudates profiles. Figure 5 Association statistics of the streptomycete isolates or their co-cultures with N. parvum and the respective exudates. Fungus-inhibiting bacteria together with their exudates (singly or in combination with the fungus; □, ○, Δ) separate well from those causing little or no inhibition (◊). □ M2, 4, 5; MW 2, 4, 9; ○ BM2, 4, 5; Δ BMW2, 4, 9; ◊ M7, 8; MW1, 6; BM7, 8; BMW1, 6. M, isolates from rhizosphere soil; MW, isolates from the surface of Araucaria roots. B, co-cultures with the Brazilian fungus (N. parvum). Exudates released from the Streptomyces isolate M5 and N. parvum in single culture and after co-culture were characterized by HPLC in more detail (Figure 6).