The in vitro study demonstrated that cells transduced with HIF-1α grew more rapidly than control cells, and cells transduced with siHIF-1α grew more slowly than control cells. The in vivo study indicated that the tumor formation rate of the HIF-1α transduction group was significantly

higher CCI-779 in vitro than the rate of the non-transduction and siHIF-1α transduction groups. Moreover, the average tumor growth rate in the HIF-1α gene transduction group was higher than the tumor growth rates in the non-transduction and siHIF-1α groups. Thus, these results suggest that HIF-1α may be involved in promoting the progression of SCLC. Our study further supports the previous opinion that HIF-1α is correlated with the development of an GNS-1480 aggressive phenotype in some tumor models [26], and that HIF-1α has been identified as a positive factor for tumor growth [27]. Induction angiogenesis of SCLC cells on CAM by HIF-1α Chicken click here embryos are immunodeficient during embryonic development until day 19 of incubation [13]. Thus, CAM was first adapted by many investigators as a convenient model to evaluate many different parameters of tumor growth [28] and to screen antineoplastic drugs [29, 30]. Furthermore, the CAM model is an ideal alternative to the nude mouse model system for cancer research because it can conveniently and inexpensively reproduce many tumor characteristics in vivo, such as tumor mass formation,

tumor-induced angiogenesis, infiltrative growth, and metastasis [31]. This model is especially ideal to study tumor-induced angiogenesis because of its dense vascular net and rapid vascular reactivity [32]. In this study, we have successfully established the transplantation tumor model and have clearly shown that the avian microenvironment provided the appropriate conditions for the growth of human SCLC cells, as in the case when they are transplanted into immunodeficient mice [33]. Resveratrol Moreover, the stroma of the CAM may represent a supportive environment for SCLC expansion because morphologically we could see that the SCLC cells were implanted on the side

facing the window, invaded across the capillary plexus and formed a visible mass on the side of the chicken embryo. With regard to targeted therapy of solid tumors, it is important to find a therapeutic target that is widely involved in many biological processes. HIF-1α is overexpressed in many human cancers. Significant associations between HIF-1α overexpression and patient mortality have been shown in cancers of the brain, breast, cervix, oropharynx, ovary, and uterus [2, 4]. However, some scholars have suggested that the effect of HIF-1α overexpression depends on the cancer type. For example, associations between HIF-1α overexpression and decreased mortality have been reported for patients with head and neck cancer [34] and non-small cell lung cancer [35].