The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis and IR and NMR spectroscopy. The structures of complexes 2 and 5 were Bafilomycin A1 determined by X-ray crystallography, which revealed the trans orientation of chloride anions around platinum(IV) in the case of both complexes. The antiproliferative activity was investigated in six tumor cell lines (human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa), murine melanoma cells (B16), human breast carcinoma cells (MDA-MB-453), human colon carcinoma cells (LS-174),

transformed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EA.hy 926) and murine endothelial cells (MS1)) and in one non-tumor cell line-human fetal lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5). Cytotoxicity studies indicated that Pt(IV) complexes with acetyl-substituted pyridine ligands exhibit significantly higher in vitro antiproliferative activity than the complexes with carboxylato-substituted pyridines. Complexes 1 and 2 showed antiproliferative activity in all tested tumor cell lines, with the highest potential in human endothelial cells EA.hy 926, since they had IC50 values of 13.8 +/- 5.8 mu M and 23.4 +/- 3.3 mu M, respectively and were more active than cisplatin. Complexes 1 and 2 exhibited lower toxicity against the non-tumor human lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5) than against most of the tested tumor cell lines.

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“Context: Little is known about practice patterns in thyroid cancer, a cancer that is increasing in incidence.\n\nObjective: We sought to identify VX-680 price aspects of thyroid cancer management that have the greatest variation.\n\nDesign/Setting/Participants: We surveyed 944 physicians involved in thyroid cancer care from 251 hospitals affiliated with the US National

Cancer Database. Physicians were asked questions in the following four domains: thyroid surgery, radioactive iodine use, thyroid hormone replacement postsurgery, selleck compound and long-term thyroid cancer management. We calculated the ratio of observed variation to hypothetical maximum variation under the assumed distribution of the response. Ratios closer to 1 indicate greater variation.\n\nResults: We had a 66% response rate. We found variation in multiple aspects of thyroid cancer management, including the role of central lymph node dissections (variation, 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98-1.00), the role of pretreatment scans before radioactive iodine treatment (variation, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.98-1.00), and all aspects of long-term thyroid cancer management, including applications of ultrasound (variation, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99) and radioactive iodine scans (variation, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.97-1.00). For the management of small thyroid cancers, variation exists in all domains, including optimal extent of surgery (variation, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.88-0.