Our results suggest that puncture methods and leafhopper inoculation

are successful in resistance screening, and both methods should be used as part of screening, because they assess different types of resistance. “
“Although brown eye spot of coffee, caused by Cerco-spora coffeicola, is important for coffee production in Brazil, there is a general lack of knowledge regarding the disease. In this study, we evaluated the variability of both the cultural and aggressiveness traits of 60 isolates Navitoclax from coffee plants grown under conventional and organic systems in three regions of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Variability among the isolates was detected with regard to all of the traits and was unrelated to an effect of either the region or cropping system. Mycelial growth, cercosporin production and sporulation were assessed in the laboratory. Of the 60 isolates, 27 did not sporulate at 25°C; the mycelial growth of all of the isolates and cercosporin production Ivacaftor ic50 by 18 of the isolates linearly increased as the temperature rose from 18 to 26°C. We inoculated six selected isolates on plants of two coffee cultivars (‘Catuaí Vermelho IAC44’ and ‘Catucaí Vermelho 785-15’) and evaluated the incubation period (IP), latent period (LP) and disease severity. All three of these traits were affected by temperature postinoculation and KCl amendment. The significant correlations were as follows: IP and LP in both cultivars;

severity and leaf fall in both cultivars; and cercosporin production in vitro and severity

values in ‘Catucaí Vermelho 785-15’. In conclusion, we found that (i) C. coffeicola is highly variable for both cultural and aggressiveness traits; (ii) laboratory and glasshouse experiments were suitable to assess the pathogen variability; (iii) research protocols should account for the effect of environmental factors, such as temperature and KCl, on the traits evaluated; and (iv) these protocols should include the assessment of the IP instead of the LP, as both are correlated, and the IP is easier to evaluate. “
“Fusarium head blight and rot root are among the most devastating plant diseases in modern agriculture. The causal pathogen, Fusarium spp., reduces plant yield and food quality in part because of mycotoxins, suggesting that breeding for resistance Glycogen branching enzyme to Fusarium is an important control strategy. A simple and low-cost tactic in plant resistance breeding is testing the cultivars for their sensitivity to fungal metabolites and secretion products. We analysed barley cultivars with differential resistance to Fusarium culmorum KF350 for their sensitivity to 5-butylpicolinic acid [syn. fusaric acid (FA)], a product synthesized by Fusarium isolates of the Liseola section of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex. We found similar sensitivity of first and second leaves of the cultivars to KF350 and to FA, as well as to head blight in the literature.