Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all laparosco

\n\nMethods: We performed a retrospective review of all laparoscopic adrenalectomies performed at our institution between August 2003 and August 2007.\n\nResults: Eight patients underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy. There were 6 girls and 2 boys. The median age was 14.5 years (range, 2-18). The median weight was 53.5 kg (range, 13-73). We performed 6 left and Bcl-2 inhibitor 2 right adrenalectomies. A lateral transperitoneal approach was

used in all cases. All left adrenalectomies required three ports, while the right adrenalectomies were completed with four ports. All cases were done with two or three 5-mm ports and one 10-mm port. Tumor size ranged from 3 to 7 cm maximum diameter. The mean operative time was 99 minutes (range, 58-140). There were no complications. this website Blood loss was minimal in all cases and none required a conversion to open. All patients resumed oral feeds immediately after surgery. The mean hospital stay was 1.5 days (range, 1-2). The need for narcotic analgesia was minimal. Final diagnoses included: adrenal cortical adenoma (n = 4), ganglioneuroma (n = 2), pheochromocytoma (n = 1), and neuroblastoma (n = 1).\n\nConclusions: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy appears to be a safe, effective technique in children with small, well-circumscribed adrenal masses. The lateral transperitoneal approach offers optimal visualization

and excellent outcomes in terms of minimal discomfort, rapid recovery, and excellent cosmesis.”
“The concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), as well as the levels of a number of heavy metals, Metabolism inhibitor have been periodically measured in samples of soil and vegetation collected around a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) in Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain) for approximately 20 years. Since 2007, the levels of the above-mentioned pollutants have also been determined in air samples by means of either active or passive samplers. In the present study, data

regarding the environmental impact of the MSWI, in terms of PCDD/Fs and heavy metals, are updated. The temporal trends of these pollutants were evaluated by comparison with data from previous surveys. In the current survey (2013-2014), mean concentrations of PCDD/Fs in soil, vegetation, and air were 0.63 ng I-TEQ/g, 0.07 ng I-TEQ/g, and 10.1 fg WHO-TEQ/m(3), respectively. Decreases of 47 and 35 % of PCDD/Fs in soil and vegetation, respectively, were observed in relation to the background study (1999). Regarding air samples, a slight temporal decrease of the PCDD/F levels was also found with the remaining concentrations staying nearly constant through time. With respect to metals, notable fluctuations in the concentrations were noted, being dependent on each specific environmental monitor. Overall, the current exposure to PCDD/Fs and metals does not mean any additional health risks for the population living near the facility.

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