Lower mortality rates were reported in Pinotti’s and Nakamura’s series (11% and 8% respectively) (4,14), in both of which no subject died of disease progression. These observations were compatible with the indolent nature of this disease as well as the availability of effective treatment. Higher mortality rate in the present cohort could be related to larger proportion of elderly subjects, with

a median age of 71.5 years at time of diagnosis (63 and 57 years respectively in Pinotti’s and Nakamura’s series). We estimated that the 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 75% and 62.5% respectively. Other authors reported better survival, with 5-year figure Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical at around 90% and 10-year figure at around 80% (1,9,10). Similarly, age difference was likely the main reason for the discrepancy Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical because in those series with more favorable result, the median age was lower (range, 53.5 to 64 years). There were several limitations in this study. First

of all, because of the retrospective nature of this study, there were lots of missing data in LDH level, beta-2 microglobulin level, systemic B symptoms and performance status, all of which were frequently included in other lymphoma studies. Secondly, as mentioned previously, lack of use of additional tests to detect HP in the present cohort led to Stattic manufacturer underestimation of Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the proportion of HP-positive subjects. In addition, the endoscopic changes might be so subtle that endoscopists did not take biopsies accurately from abnormal sites. This sampling error would lead to over-diagnosis of disease remission. Mehra and Agarwal mentioned several methods to decrease sampling error including use of jumbo forcep, endoscopic mucosal resection Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical and endoscopic ultrasound guidance for biopsy (15). Lastly, the small sample size limited the power of this study in determination Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of response rate of different treatment modalities and survival analysis. Conclusions This study supported the close association between HP infection

and gastric EMZBL-MALT. At least one additional test for HP (such as urea breath test or serology test) is recommended in subjects whose gastric biopsy did not show HP. Helicobacter eradication and single-agent chemotherapy were effective treatment modalities for localized disease, inducing disease remission in 85% of HP-positive subjects and 71% of HP-negative subjects respectively. Prognosis was favorable, with 5-year and 10-year survival rates at 75% and 62.5% respectively. Acknowledgements Disclosure: Montelukast Sodium The author declares no conflict of interest.
A 61-year old male, heavy smoker (50 pack/years) was admitted to the authors’ department presenting persistent non-productive cough that had appeared two months previously. His past medical history was unremarkable. Upon admission, chest X-ray showed bilateral multiple nodular opacities with associated hilar lymphadenopathy (Figure 1). Further imaging evaluation with contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography revealed a mass measuring 2.