Initially, the antibody was diluted to 0.5 μg/ml in coating buffer (Na2CO3, NaHCO3, and ddH2O, pH 9.6) and allowed to incubate at room temperature overnight. Following incubation, the plates were washed (1 × phosphate buffered saline, Tween-20), blocked (10 × phosphate buffered saline, bovine serum albumin, ddH2O), washed, and then incubated with a secondary antibody (IgG conjugated to HRP) diluted to 0.5 μg/ml in dilution buffer (10 × phosphate buffered saline, Tween-20, bovine serum albumin, ddH2O). After washing, a stabilized BIBF 1120 in vitro TMB chromogen was added and the plates were covered and placed in the dark for the last 30-min prior to

being stopped with 0.2 M sulphuric acid. The subsequent absorbances, which are directly proportional to the concentration of the phosphorlyated mTOR in the samples, were measured at a wavelength of 450 nm. There were no standards used in this ELISA, thus no standard curve was created. Therefore, the absorbances relative to muscle weight were assessed. The overall intra-assay percent

coefficient of variation was 7.12%. Statistical analyses Data are presented in all tables and Sirtuin activator inhibitor throughout the text as mean ± SD. Serum IGF and insulin were analyzed using 2 × 4 [Supplement (CHO, WP) × Test (pre, 30 min post supp, 15 min post-ex, and 120 min post-ex)] factorial analyses of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures on the Test factor. Muscle protein levels were analyzed using 2 × 3 [Supplement (CHO, WP) × (-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate Test (pre, 15 min post-ex, and 120 min post-ex)] factorial ANOVA with repeated measures on the Test factor. Further analysis of the main effects was performed by separate Y 27632 one-way ANOVAs. Significant between-group differences were determined using Bonferroni Post-Hoc Test. Participant characteristics, resistance exercise volume, and 1-RMs for the angled leg press and leg extension exercises for each testing session were analyzed using a paired sample t-test. All statistical procedures were performed using SPSS 16.0 software and a probability level of p < 0.05 was adopted throughout. Results Participant characteristics and supplement side effects There were no significant

differences in the body weight, resting blood pressure, or heart rate between the two testing sessions (data not shown). In a post-study questionnaire administered in a blinded manner, no adverse events were reported concerning the supplementation or study protocol. Dietary analysis Analysis of dietary intake (excluding supplementation) for two days immediately prior to each testing session revealed no differences (p > 0.05) in total caloric, protein, fat, or carbohydrate intake between testing session during the course of the study (Table 2). Table 2 Dietary analyses performed two days immediately prior to each testing session. Dietary Variable WP CHO p-value Total Calories (kcal/kg/day) 31.14 ± 7.3 30.43 ± 5.1 0.