In some cases, the viscosity and/or viscoelastic functions even increase with temperature, especially in formulations with residual free NCO groups. Several experimental flow problems, such as fracture and sample expelling from the measuring tool, are generally found, more frequently in formulations with high NCO content. (C) selleck compound 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., J Appl Polym Sci 118: 693-704, 2010″
“Low temperature cathodo- and photoluminescence has been performed on nonpolar a-plane GaN films grown using

epitaxial lateral overgrowth. In films overgrown at a low V-III ratio, the emission spectrum is dominated by “”yellow”" and “”blue”" luminescence bands, attributed to recombination at point defects or impurities. The intensity of this emission is observed to decrease steadily across the window region along the -c direction, possibly due to asymmetric diffusion of a point defect/impurity species. When overgrown at a higher V-III ratio, the near band edge and basal-plane stacking Cell Cycle inhibitor fault emission intensity increases by orders of magnitude and a donor-acceptor pair band is observed. Using monochromatic cathodoluminescence

imaging, the various emission features are correlated with the microstructure of the film. In particular, the peak energy of the basal-plane stacking fault emission is seen to be blueshifted by similar to 15 meV in the wing relative to the window region, which may be related to the different strain states in the respective regions. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3460641]“
“The recent arrival in Northern and Western (NW) Europe of bluetongue virus (BTV), which causes the ruminant disease ‘bluetongue’, has raised the profile of this vector-borne ruminant disease and sparked discussions on the reasons for its sudden emergence so far north. This expansion has not happened in isolation and the disease has been expanding into Southern and Eastern Europe for the last decade. This

shifting disease distribution is being facilitated by a number of different introduction mechanisms including the movement of infected livestock, the passive movement of infected Culicoides on the wind and, in NW Europe, an unknown route of introduction. The expansion of BTV in Europe has forced a re-evaluation this website of the importance of Palaearctic Culicoides species in transmission, as well as the importance of secondary transmission routes, such as transplacental transmission, in facilitating the persistence of the virus. The current European outbreak of BTV-8 is believed to have caused greater economic damage than any previous single-serotype outbreak. Although attempts are being made to improve the capacity of European countries to cope with future BTV incursions, the options available are limited by a lack of basic entomological data and limited virological surveillance.