ERCP was performed the following day which found a distal common bile duct stricture (Figure 1). A plastic biliary stent was placed

for relief of the obstruction. A CA19-9 was elevated at 200 U/mL. Cytology from the ERCP was not revealing, so EUS (endoscopic ultrasound) with FNA (fine needle aspiration) was performed two days later (Figure 2). This returned cells positive for poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Figure 1 ERCP image demonstrating common bile duct stricture (white Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical arrow) in the area of the pancreatic head with upstream biliary ductal dilation (black arrowheads) Figure 2 Endoscopic ultrasound image showing mass abutting SMV. Mass and SMV labeled; suggestion of abutment labeled with white arrow Given her pregnancy, consultation with radiology regarding the most appropriate staging workup was pursued. CT was inadvisable given the radiation dose, and gadolinium contrast enhanced MRI was not advised by ACR guidelines (1),(2). Non-contrast MRI was performed, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical which confirmed the presence of a 2.7 x 3.2 cm mass within the pancreatic head which abutted, but did not clearly invade the superior mesenteric

vein (Figure 3&4). Figure 3 Noncontrast MRI T1spgrFAT axial section showing 32×27 mm pancreatic head mass (arrows) Figure 4 T2 sagittal Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical section of noncontrast MRI demonstrating mass surrounding biliary tree (arrows) Staging laparoscopy with intraoperative ultrasound was performed. A 2mm lesion was seen and biopsied in segment 2 of the liver, and a single nodule on the surface of the uterus was biopsied. Both biopsies were negative for malignancy, and peritoneal washings were

negative for malignancy as well. Fetal heart tones remained normal throughout the case. With the staging Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical evaluation complete, multidisciplinary consultation including oncologic surgery, medical oncology, anesthesiology, and obstetrics was undertaken. Our institutional preference for Vemurafenib manufacturer neoadjuvant therapy (chemo+radiotherapy) was not utilized due to the known teratogenic risk of radiation. After thorough preoperative discussion Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of risks and benefits to her and the fetus, she agreed to undergo pancreaticoduodenectomy. She proceeded to pancreaticoduodenectomy Oxymatrine and cholecystectomy approximately two weeks after initial presentation. Pathologic frozen sections of the inferior margin were positive for tumor; thus, an extended pancreatic resection was performed. A second frozen specimen was performed of the pancreas showed no evidence of cancer. Fetal heart tones were normal throughout the case, and the uterus was undisturbed during the procedure. Postoperative evaluation of fetal heart tones was normal. Pathology from the specimen demonstrated poorly differentiated (grade 3) adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. The tumor was > 5cm in greatest dimension with extension beyond the pancreas and perineural invasion, but no involvement of the celiac axis (pT3).