Education is also the focus of another study from Curitiba, Brazil, investigating how many hours are necessary for selleck inhibitor medical students to become proficient in some

Emergency Department tasks [5]. The rational for the study is the fact that in developing countries, recently graduated physicians with deficient training in Emergency Medicine, are the ones staffing most Emergency Departments of the country. This reality contrasts with that of nations where CBL-0137 concentration Emergency Medicine is a medical specialty requiring 3 to 5 years of post-graduate (residency) training. This supplement also selected high caliber experimental research and novel diagnostic methods and therapies. Dr Rezende [6] reports an exceptional experimental study on tissue perfusion during

“permissive hypotension” resuscitation. This work was awarded the best paper at the 2011 Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma annual meeting. Another interesting manuscript reports on the role of alcohol and sepsis on the tensile strength of bowel anastomosis [7]. On novel diagnostic methods and therapies, Dr Sankarankutty reviewed the literature on the possible role of thromboelastometry [8] while another study reports on the lack of utility for recombinant factor VIIa in trauma [9]. Finally two manuscripts focus on the “growing pains” experienced by GSK690693 order developing countries as they try to implement complex and costly trauma systems. Dr Gonsaga and collaborators [10] compared two pre-hospital ambulance transportation systems: one newly created and another functioning for years, both public

and free (funded by government) and serving the same population. While this analysis demonstrates the growing governmental investments in pre-hospital care, it also reveals inefficiencies of the system (i.e. service duplication). The final manuscript brings hope. Dr Fraga and collaborators [11] started their manuscript with the gloomy hypothesis that the ending of the Trauma Surgery residency in Brazil in 2003 would be followed by a reduction in the number of manuscripts published in trauma. D-malate dehydrogenase The authors however, found the contrary. Scientific production in Brazil, measured by publications in trauma grew continuously before and after the end of the residency program. This study shows the resiliency and determination of the academic surgeons in Brazil and the benefits of having a strong National Trauma Association such as the Brazilian SBAIT (Society for the Integral Care of the Traumatized). It is with this hope that we see the World Trauma Congress. Despite many barriers, national and multinational Trauma Associations from around the world are getting stronger, are increasing their participation in health policies and are becoming more influent.