“
“Dialysis management is changing over time due to the changing dialysis population, with many overlapping issues between gerontological and nephrological care. The conditions that are focused on in this review are frailty, cognitive impairment, depression and changes

Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor in body composition. These factors should be considered when managing older patients on dialysis.”
“The discovery of a (pro) renin receptor ((P)RR) and the introduction of renin inhibitors in the clinic has brought prorenin, the inactive proenzyme form of renin, back into the spotlight. The (P)RR binds both renin and its inactive precursor prorenin, and their binding triggers intracellular signaling that up-regulates the expression of profibrotic genes. Furthermore, binding of prorenin unmasks its active site and endows prorenin with angiotensin I-generating activity. Many studies have attempted to establish SCH727965 mouse a link between (P) RR and hypertension, (P)RR and

tissue fibrosis associated with hypertension and with diabetic nephropathy. Models of transgenic rats overexpressing (P)RR develop high blood pressure and have glomerulosclerosis, suggesting a link between increased (P)RR and these pathologies, but no definite proof of any role of (P)RR in other models of cardiovascular or renal diseases could be established because of the absence of any specific (P)RR antagonist and of tissue-specific (P)RR null mice. Nevertheless, a study in a large cohort of Japanese men has shown a correlation between a polymorphism in the (P)RR gene and increased ambulatory blood pressure. Finally, a mutation in the (P)RR gene is responsible

for mental retardation and epilepsy, indicating that (P)RR is essential during brain development.”
“Clinical studies have confirmed that administration of vitamin D receptor (VDR) activators offers a survival benefit G418 in hemodialysis patients and may help in preservation of renal function in predialysis patients. Accumulated clinical and mainly experimental data support that in the context of kidney disease, VDR activators exert their beneficial effect not only due to their action on calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, but also through modulation of the response to injury. They attenuate systemic and renal inflammation, and they affect the tissue repair process, reducing renal fibrosis. This aspect of the functions of VDR activators in kidney disease is reviewed in the present manuscript.”
“Objective: Few studies have investigated nonadherence to phosphate binders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of adherence of our hemodialysis (HD) patients to phosphate binders and to determine which variables were related to nonadherence to treatment.

Methods: In 165 HD patients, the degree of adherence to the drugs prescribed was studied using the Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire.

Results: Of patients, 40% were nonadherent.