Covers (Petri dish bottoms) were tightly squeezed on the lids to prevent thrips from escaping. They were held in an incubator at 25 ± 1 °C and 16: 8 (L/D). Petri dishes were not stacked to keep an excess of moisture from forming inside of the dishes. Mortality was assessed by counting the number of live WFT per leaf disc at 3, 7, and 10 days post-treatment. This entire bioassay ubiquitin-Proteasome system was repeated twice using different batches of conidial suspensions on different days. Data on the percentage of germination, the length of hyphae, the densitometric values, the number of conidia

per unit area of agar disc, and the percentage of mortality were analyzed by a general linear model followed by Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD). Using the exposure time-based percent germination data, median lethal time (LT50; statistically derived average time for conidia to lose half of their initial viability, in minutes) of conidia was estimated by a Probit analysis in each colony treatment. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted on all quantitative features based on correlation

matrices to determine their possible multi-relationship. The following features of conidia were used in the PCA: thermotolerance (% germination of conidia exposed to 45 °C for 60 min); RDV; yield (number of conidia per agar disc in 20-day culture); and virulence (morality after 9 days’ incubation). This was followed by a Pearson’s correlation high throughput screening compounds analysis (two-tailed) and a regression. All analyses were conducted using spss ver. 18.0 (SPSS Inc., 2010) and a minitab ver. 16.0 (MINITAB Inc., 2010) at the 0.05 (α) level. Two morphologically different colonies (coded by BbHet1 and BbHet2) were isolated from the third cycled paired ERL1578 + 1576 culture by heat-treating and streaking on ¼SDAY for 7 days (Fig. 1). The morphology of non-paired colonies isolated from the third cycling were the same as the morphology of non-cycled colonies. The ERL1578 colony was white and flat. ERL1576 colony was light beige, flat and hairy. The two non-paired colonies bulged out in the center.

The two new colonies (BbHet1 and BbHet2) were morphologically different from ERL1578 and ERL1576. The BbHet1 colony was white, flat and powdery. Peculiarly transparent and clear drops (not bacterial contamination) were observed on the mycelial Tolmetin mass of BbHet1 that were not observed in the ERL1578 and ERL1576 colonies. The BbHet2 colony had a white sponge-like mycelial mass. The isolated colonies produced white (ERL1578 and ERL1576), beige (BbHet1) and yellowish (BbHet2) conidial power on ¼SDAY. Isolated colonies produced conidia with different levels of RDVs under the phase-contrast microscope (Fig. 2). The darkest conidia were from BbHet2 (RDV = 1.000), followed by ERL1578 (RDV = 0.604), BbHet1 (RDV = 0.535), and ERL1576 (RDV = 0.429) (F3,36 = 46.3, P < 0.001). No differences in the densitometric values of the background were detected among all the treatments (F3,36 = 2.7, P = 0.