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“Background: Stratum corneum (SC) readily dislodgeable exfoliation could affect percutaneous absorption and thus influence treatment and toxicological
effects. Urea, a classical enhancer, is absorbed less than 1% in vivo in man and might be a useful marker to quantify chemical-drug exfoliation. This study develops a simple model utilizing washing and tape-stripping to quantify surface loss of chemicals topically applied on human skin and estimate the extent of chemical-drug SC exfoliation.
Methods: Urea, 10% as a model hydrophilic chemical marker, was applied to human skin on identical sites (5 cm(2)/area with 1.8 mg/cm(2) urea) LBH589 in vitro and in vivo. At time points 0, 4, and 6 h, the area was washed, rubbed, and stripped five times with cellophane tape. Quantitative urea was performed by colorimetric assay.
Results: The data of the in vitro protected non-exfoliating model, as the control, showed no statistical difference between 0-, 4-, and 6-h recovery (P > 0.05). In the air-exposed model in vivo exfoliation
in man, the recovery decreased from 98.8 +/- 3.7% to 93.9 +/- 6.8% in 4 h and 86.4 +/- 3.0% in 6 h (P = 0.02). In the cloth-covered model in vivo, the recovery decreased from 99.4 +/- 5.8% to 84.9 +/- 5.3% in 4 h (P = 0.04), which reached 73 +/- 2.8% within 6 h (P = 0.007).
Conclusions: This study suggests that urea, measured with washing, rubbing, and tape-stripping, can be used as a possible chemical-drug SC readily dislodgeable exfoliation and friction rubbing metric. In addition, this might help to determine the rule of skin exfoliation this website in dermatopharmacologic and dermatoxicologic assessment.”
“Objectives: Preliminary studies using botulinum toxin (BTX) have demonstrated some benefits in
treating interstitial cystitis (IC)/painful bladder syndrome (PBS) pain. The purpose of this study was Acadesine to investigate the efficacy of a periurethral injection of BTX to block urethral visceral and somatic afferent fibers, for the treatment of IC/PBS. Methods: Twenty adult women with IC/PBS were identified from the Female Urology Clinic at our hospital. Symptom evaluation was performed using a female modification of the Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (CPSI), AUA Symptom Index, Graded Chronic Pain Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and symptom improvement Visual Analog Scale (VAS). All patients were randomized to receive either botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) or placebo (normal saline). Patients randomized to BTX-A received 50U diluted in 2 cm(3) normal saline injected periurethrally. The physician and patient were blinded to the treatment. Results: BTX was administered to nine women. There were no complications or side effects reported. There was no improvement between placebo and BTX-A groups in the CPSI score at 3-month follow-up (P=0.97).