Body composition, is an important aspect in relation to an athlete’s performance [10]. The ideal body composition varies by sport, but in general, the less fat mass, the greater the performance potential. Previous studies [13, 14] have demonstrated that success in fencing depends more on technique, speed, and agility as opposed to a high aerobic capacity and low percent body fat percentage. Although the findings of the study may be true, numerous studies [15–17] confirmed that aerobic

training increases the fencers’ reaction times, their attention capacities and causes an overall lower body fat composition. SIS3 cost Furthermore, body fat distribution has been associated with atherosclerotic disease risk factors as well as injuries associated with back, knees, ankles joints and muscles problems [18–20]. Measurements MG-132 nmr of body composition are valuable tools when determining appropriate nutritional intakes,

since there is a direct relationship between dietary intake and body composition [21–23]. Excessive levels of body fat can indicate an inadequate amount of time spent in general physical preparation especially aerobic training, or an unbalanced dietary intake. Blood CBL-0137 mouse lipids test is a tool used by physicians to detect potentially harmful and evolving conditions, such as heart disease. There is strong agreement that physical activity lowers the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and that part of this risk reduction involves positive changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins

Pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 1 [14, 16, 24–29]. The significance of understanding body composition, dietary intake, and blood lipid values of these athletes may lead to improved health and physical performance as well as early identification of health abnormalities. A review of current scientific literature revealed that no research papers have yet been published describing the dietary patterns and physiological profiles of the Kuwaiti national fencing team; therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to 1) collect baseline data on nutrient intake in order to advise athletes about nutrition practices that might enhance performance, 2) collect, analyze and report baseline data for body composition, plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations during the competitive season, 3) compare the results with international norms, and 4) make health and nutritional recommendations, in order to enhance fencing players physical performance and skills, and to reduce potential future health risks. Methods Subjects Fifteen (n = 15) male national-class fencers aged 21.5 ± 2.6 years were selected for this investigation. These athletes were recruited from the Kuwait national fencing team. Each subject performed approximately 10-12 h of practice per week (at least 2 h of training per day and a competition match during the weekend). Prior to the study, the purpose and objective of this research were carefully explained to each subject and the coaching staff.