Bioelectrochemistry 2005, 66:35–40.CrossRef 23. Lee KS, Won MS, Noh HB, Shim YB: Triggering the redox reaction of cytochrome c on a biomimetic layer and elimination of interferences for NADH detection. Biomaterials 2010, 31:7827–7835.CrossRef 24. Wang HL, Liu J, Qian DJ: Isophthalic acid-functionalised
multiwalled carbon nanotubes as an alternative nanolayer for the layer-by-layer assembly with poly(xylylviologen). Synth Met 2012, 162:881–887.CrossRef 25. Zhang Z, Hou S, Zhu Z, Liu Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor Z: Preparation and characterization of a porphyrin self-assembled monolayer with a controlled orientation on gold. Langmuir 2000, 16:537–540.CrossRef 26. Sarkar S, Sampath S: Spectroscopic and spectroelectrochemical characterization of acceptor-sigma spacer-donor monolayers. Langmuir 2006, 22:3396–3403.CrossRef 27. Mao J, Hauser K, Gunner MR: How cytochromes with different folds control heme redox potentials. Biochemistry 2003, 42:9829–9840.CrossRef 28. Hansen AG, Boisen
A, Nielsen JU, Wackerbarth H, Chorkendorff I, Andersen JET, Zhang J, Ulstrup J: Adsorption and interfacial electron transfer of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cytochrome c monolayers on Au(111) electrodes. Langmuir 2003, 19:3419–3427.CrossRef 29. Kam NWS, Dai H: Carbon nanotubes as intracellular protein transporters: generality and biological functionality. J Am Chem Soc selleck products 2005, 127:6021–6026.CrossRef 30. Christensson A, Dimcheva D, Ferapontova EE, Gorton L, Ruzgas T, Stoica L, Shleev S, Yaropolov AI, Haltrich D, Thorneley RNF, Aust SD: Direct electron transfer between ligninolytic redox enzymes and electrodes. Electroanalysis 2004, 16:1074–1092.CrossRef Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions QS and JL carried out the synthesis and characterizations of the materials and drafted the manuscript. HXH carried out the Raman spectroscopy and electrochemistry. MC and DJQ contributed to the design and discussion of this work and in the revision of the manuscript. All authors RVX-208 read and approved the
final manuscript.”
“Background There has been a growing interest in developing thin film silicon solar cells that minimize material costs and maintains high efficiency. It is because that silicon is an abundant element with almost optimal band gap and excellent junction formation characteristics, and the availability of nano-technologies makes it possible to fabricate high quality desired nano-structures. Currently, most of the solar cells are based on the crystalline silicon wafer with the thickness between 200 and 300 μm, and therefore, around 40% of the cost is the silicon wafer. Scientists proposed to develop the thin film solar cells to save the cost by decreasing the thickness of the silicon. Moreover, there is another reason to develop thin film solar cells beyond the cost, it is the absorption efficiency.