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“BACKGROUND: Numerous high purity ammonium-type ionic liquid extractants have been prepared for engineering purposes. Bifunctional ionic liquid extractants (Bif-ILEs) have been widely applied to separate and extract rare earths and metal ions with high extraction efficiencies and selectivities. In the present study, new Bif-ILEs [A336][P204] and [A336][P507] have been used DMXAA to extract rare earths from a simulated solution of a fluorescent powder in a high concentration of Al(NO(3))(3).
RESULTS: Bif-ILEs
were prepared from Aliquat336 (A336) and the commercial organophosphorus acid extractants, P204 and P507. These extractants [A336][P204] and [A336][P507] have similar characteristics to neutral organophosphorus extractants. When these Bif-ILEs were used to extract RE(III) from a simulated waste fluorescent powder system a third phase appeared which could be eliminated by the addition of 10% isopropanol modifier. The coexisting Al(2)O(3) in selleck chemical the fluorescent powder was changed to a salting-out agent (Al(NO(3))(3)) in the extraction process and promoted the extraction efficiency of
RE(III). Using a countercurrent extraction process at a phase ratio V(o) : V(w) = 4 : 1 and pH = 0.56, the RE(III) recovery reached 95.2% in 5-7 stages. Finally, the extractabilities of these bifunctional extractants were compared with the neutral organophosphorus extractants P350, TBP and Cyanex923 at different concentrations, initial pHs and temperatures.
CONCLUSIONS: By comparison with other neutral organophosphorus extractants, Bif-ILEs [A336][P204] and [A336][P507] can be considered efficient potential extractants for separating and recycling
REEs and Al(2)O(3) from waste fluorescent powder. (C) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Men are more risk prone than women, but the underlying basis remains unclear. To investigate this question, we developed a trait-like measure of risk propensity which we correlated with resting-state functional connectivity to identify sex differences. Specifically, we used this website short- and long-range functional connectivity densities to identify associated brain regions and examined their functional connectivities in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data collected from a large sample of healthy young volunteers. We found that men had a higher level of general risk propensity (GRP) than women. At the neural level, although they shared a common neural correlate of GRP in a network centered at the right inferior frontal gyrus, men and women differed in a network centered at the right secondary somatosensory cortex, which included the bilateral dorsal anterior/middle insular cortices and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. In addition, men and women differed in a local network centered at the left inferior orbitofrontal cortex. Most of the regions identified by this resting-state fMRI study have been previously implicated in risk processing when people make risky decisions.