Castration was performed once a testicle was located in the inguinal region or via removal of an intra-abdominally located testicle through the inguinal canal.
Results-4 dogs and 1 cat were bilaterally cryptorchid. Testicles were retained in the abdominal cavity in 18 dogs and in the inguinal region in 4 dogs; in all 4 cats, undescended testicles were located in the inguinal
region. Twenty-one dogs and 4 cats were castrated without breaching the abdominal cavity; in one of those dogs, the inguinal ring was enlarged to permit extraction of a tumorous testicle. In 1 dog, the inguinal ring was enlarged into a paramedian laparotomy and viscera were manipulated to exteriorize an intra-abdominally located testicle because the gubernaculum had ruptured. Major intraoperative or long-term SN-38 datasheet complications did not occur.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results suggested that as in horses, the surgical approach over the inguinal ring, wherein the vaginal process and the remnant of the gubernaculum are identified and used to locate an undescended testicle for removal, can be used successfully in dogs and cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2011;239:1098-1103)”
“SETTING: Mbeya, Tanzania.
OBJECTIVE: To develop a new liquid culture method to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) in sputum using 2,3-diphenyl-5-thienyl-(2)-tetrazolium (STC), the nitrate reductase
assay (NRA) and p-nitrobenzoic acid (PNB).
DESIGN: Ninety-three learn more sputum samples collected from 18 tuberculosis patients were decontaminated with N-acetyl-L-cysteine-sodium hydroxide using MGIT(TM) 960 and in STC-NRA cultures, both in the presence and in the absence of PNB, an inhibitor of MTC growth. The reduction of STC by colour change indicated mycobacterial growth; NRA was then performed
to confirm MTC.
RESULTS: STC-NRA culture was positive for acid-fast bacilli in 66/93 (71%) samples, of which 60/93 (64.5%) were identified as MTC-positive and 6/93 (6.5%) as indeterminate mycobacteria. MGIT indicated MTC in 59/93 (63.4%) cultures. Contamination was detected in 12/93 (13%) STC-NRA cultures vs. 29/93 (31.2%) MGIT cultures. The mean time to detection (TTD) of MTC using DMH1 cell line STC-NRA was 14 days and 7 days using MGIT.
CONCLUSION: The STC-NRA method is sensitive for the detection of MTC in sputum. TTD increased with duration of anti-tuberculosis treatment, highlighting the value of this method in monitoring treatment success. The method is simple and inexpensive and, unlike MGIT, does not require technical equipment. The preliminary performance characteristics of the method should be further evaluated in larger studies.”
“Nanomechanical resonators have traditionally been limited to use in vacuum due to low quality factors that come as a result of viscous damping effects in air or liquid.