8%) of whom were HIV-infected. The risk of multiple hospitalisation for acute gastroenteritis was 5.0 (CI95% 2.9, 5.8) fold greater in HIV-infected children. The incidence of acute gastroenteritis is shown in Table 1, with an overall incidence of 10.1 (CI95% 9.7, 10.6) per 1000 person years. The incidence decreased with increasing

age ranging from 41.0 in infants between 6 weeks to 6 months of age to 2.0 in children aged between 24 and 59 months old. The incidence risk of acute gastroenteritis stratified www.selleckchem.com/products/CP-690550.html by HIV infection status is shown in Table 2. Overall, the incidence of acute gastroenteritis was 5.4 fold (CI95% 4.9, 6.0) higher in HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected children. Based on an assumed rotavirus prevalence of 14.8% (CI95% 4.2, 33.7) in HIV-infected children and 35.6% (CI95% 27.0, 44.9) in HIV-uninfected children, the estimated incidence (per 1000 persons over the five year study period) of rotavirus infection in HIV-infected children (31.3; CI95% 24.7, EX-527 39.1) was 2.3 (CI95% 1.8, 2.9) times higher than HIV-uninfected children (13.8; CI95% 12.6, 15.0). The characteristics of children admitted with acute gastroenteritis are shown in Table 3. There was no significant difference in age or sex between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children. HIV-infected children were 8.4 fold (CI95% 6.6,

10.7) more likely to be malnourished and 1.6 fold (CI95% 1.2, 2.1) more likely to be assessed as having severe dehydration. A co-diagnosis of LRTI and acute gastroenteritis was also 4.3 Calpain fold (CI95% 3.2, 5.6) more likely in HIV-infected children, with a prevalence of 31.8% compared to 9.8% of HIV-uninfected children having co-diagnosis of LRTI and acute gastroenteritis. The overall case fatality of acute gastroenteritis was 68 (3.49%) and the median duration of hospitalisation two days (IQR 1–4 days). HIV-infected children had a longer median duration

of hospitalisation for acute gastroenteritis (3 days; IQR: 2–7) than HIV-uninfected children (2 days; IQR 1–3; p < 0.001). Similarly, HIV-infected children were 1.8 fold (CI95% 1.5, 2.4) more likely to have prolonged hospitalisation than HIV-uninfected children after adjusting for age, presence of malnutrition, severe dehydration and concomitant diagnosis of LRTI. The case fatality rate was 4.0 (95% CI: 2.0, 7.8) fold higher in HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected children, after adjusting for age, presence of malnutrition, severe dehydration and concomitant diagnosis of LRTI. Fig. 2A shows seasonal trends of all-cause hospitalisation and hospitalisation for acute gastroenteritis. Hopsitalisation for acute gastroenteritis peaked from March to May in the years 1999, 2000 and 2001. The pattern of seasonality for gastroenteritis hospitalisation was less evident in HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected children (Fig. 2B).