(2004) locus of mPFC activity, for self-referential memory reported in a sample of psychiatrically healthy subjects, centered on −4, 52, 8 Talairach coordinates. We first conducted multiple one-sample t tests within each group (HC, SZ-CG, and SZ-AT) at baseline to compare reality monitoring activity (i.e., activity for correctly identified self-generated items

versus activity for correctly identified buy Enzalutamide externally presented items) on a voxel-by-voxel basis, using the spherical a priori mPFC ROI as an explicit mask. Multiple comparison corrections were then performed within the mPFC ROI, with the FWE correction of p < 0.05 and with a cluster extent of 0, using the SVC implemented in SPM2. This comparison between self-generated and externally presented items was used because the deficit Selleckchem Alpelisib in correctly identifying the source of self-generated information is one of the most striking clinical findings in schizophrenia; furthermore, prior studies indicate that schizophrenia patients are significantly impaired at identifying the source

of self-generated items but not externally presented items, compared to healthy subjects (Bentall et al., 1991 and Vinogradov et al., 2008). Next, mean beta weights (i.e., signal levels) from the self-generated versus externally presented contrast, were extracted across all voxels within the a priori spherical mPFC ROI for each group at baseline. These mean beta weights were submitted to a one-way ANOVA in SPSS to test for mPFC signal differences between the HC, SZ-CG, and SZ-AT subject groups at baseline. These mPFC mean beta weights from the self-generated versus externally presented comparison

that were extracted across the a priori spherical mPFC ROI for each group at baseline were then correlated with behavioral performance for each group (HC, SZ-CG, and SZ-AT) at baseline. Next, on a voxel-by-voxel basis, we performed one-way within-subject ANOVAs to compare reality monitoring activity before and after intervention for each group, using the spherical a priori mPFC ROI as an explicit mask. next Multiple comparison corrections were then performed within the mPFC ROI, with the FWE correction of p < 0.05 and with a cluster extent of 0, using the SVC implemented in SPM2. These voxel-based analyses were used to reveal within-group intervention-based effects at 16 weeks versus baseline for each group. Next, in order to investigate whether any between-group differences in mPFC signal were specifically associated with the cognitive training, mean beta weights for the self-generated versus externally presented contrast were extracted across all voxels within a priori spherical mPFC ROI for each group (HC, SZ-CG, and SZ-AT) and for each session (i.e., at baseline and at 16 weeks).