(c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013″
“Previous studies have demonstrated the immunosuppressive effects of both all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The present study aimed to assess the immunoregulatory effects of ATRA on MSCs in the treatment selleck compound of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Bone marrow-derived MSCs from healthy donors were pretreated with ATRA and cocultured with CD3/28-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from AS patients. Frequencies of Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. The secretion and the mRNA level of key cytokines were measured with cytometric

bead array and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. ATRA pretreatment increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion of MSCs. Th17 and Treg subset populations Pinometostat supplier were increased and reduced by ATRA-pretreated

MSCs, respectively. ATRA-pretreated MSCs significantly decreased not only the vital pathogenic cytokine in AS, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), but also AS-boosting factors interleukin-17 (IL-17A) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). These results indicated that IL-6 may be a potential protective factor in AS and highlighted the promising role of ATRA in improving the efficacy of MSC-based treatment of AS.”
“Crab chitosan was prepared by alkaline N-deacetylation of crab chitin for 60, 90 and 120 min and its antioxidant properties studied. Chitosan exhibited showed antioxidant activities of 58.3-70.2% at 1 mg/mL and showed reducing powers of 0.32-0.44 at 10 mg/mL. At 10 mg/mL. the scavenging ability of chitosan C60 on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals was 28.4% whereas those of other chitosans were 46.4-52.3%. At 0.1 mg/mL, scavenging abilities on hydroxyl radicals were 62.3-77.6% whereas at 1 mg/ml. chelating abilities on ferrous ions were 82.9-96.5%. All EC50 values of antioxidant activity were below 1,5 mg/mL. With regard to antioxidant properties assayed, the effectiveness of chitosans Vorinostat order C60, C90 and C120 correlated with their N-deacetylation times. Overall, crab chitosan was good in antioxidant activity, scavenging ability on hydroxyl radicals

and chelating abilities on ferrous ions and may be used as a source of antioxidants, as a possible food Supplement or ingredient in the pharmaceutical industry. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Elesclomol (formerly STA-4783) is a novel small molecule undergoing clinical evaluation in a pivotal phase III melanoma trial (SYMMETRY). In a phase II randomized, double-blinded, controlled, multi-center trial in 81 patients with stage IV metastatic melanoma, treatment with elesclomol plus paclitaxel showed a statistically significant doubling of progression-free survival time compared with treatment with paclitaxel alone. Although elesclomol displays significant therapeutic activity in the clinic, the mechanism underlying its anticancer activity has not been defined previously.