Thirty seconds after administering the study drug, anesthesia was induced with 2.5% thiopental sodium 5 mg/kg. After loss of consciousness, rocuronium
0.6 mg/kg was injected and immediate withdrawal movements were recorded. Two minutes after rocuronium injection, tracheal intubation was performed and hemodynamic changes were observed.
RESULTS: A total of 194 patients were enrolled, with 65 in the hydromorphone group, 67 in the fentanyl group, and 62 in the saline group. The overall incidence of withdrawal movements was significantly lower in the hydromorphone group (2 patients; 3.1%) and the fentanyl group (5 patients; 7.5%) (both, P < 0.001) than in the saline group (36 patients; 58.1%). The mean arterial pressure 4SC-202 price (MAP) and heart rate (HR) after intubation (median [interquartile range]) in the fentanyl group (101.5 [84-115] mm Hg; 93.5 [82-102] beats per minute [bpm]) and the hydromorphone group (93.0 [83-106] mm Hg; 90.0 [86.3-93.6] bpm) were significantly lower than these measures
in the saline group (111.5 [105-123] mm Hg; 103.5 [96-113] bpm) (fentanyl group MAP and HR, P < 0.001; hydromorphone group MAP and HR, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment with hydromorphone and fentanyl may have similar effectiveness in reducing withdrawal movements LXH254 in response to rocuronium injection pain and inducing immediate general anesthesia. (Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2011;72:36-48) (C) 2011 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc. All rights reserved.”
“The aim of this study was to compare serum levels of trace elements in morbidly obese female patients seeking bariatric surgery with those of age-matched females with body mass index (BMI) less than or equal find more to 30.
Blood samples were collected from 66 morbidly obese female patients seeking bariatric surgery prior to undergoing surgery. Blood was collected also from 44 female patients (with BMI less than or equal to 30) prospectively from April 2009 till February 2010. Exclusion criteria in both groups were the presence of any co-morbidities on medication, patients receiving any vitamin supplement or any herbal product intake,
smoking, and alcohol consumption. Serum zinc, magnesium, copper, and selenium were measured and compared between the two groups.
The mean age and BMI for morbidly obese female patients was 28.5 years (21.5-35.5) and 45.26 kg/m(2) (40.3-50.22). The control group had a mean age and BMI of 30.75 years (21.35-40.15) and 25.88 kg/m(2) (22.73-29.03). For morbidly obese patients, the serum level of copper, zinc, selenium, and magnesium was 1,623.84, 698.34, 86.08, and 17,830 mu g/l, respectively, compared to 1,633.36, 734.82, 101.14, and 18,260 mu g/l for the control group. The serum levels of the trace elements were not statistically significantly different between the two groups except for selenium, which was significantly reduced among morbidly obese female patients (p < 0.0001).