Indeed, it appears that shoreline erosion was temporarily enhanced (McClenachan et al., 2013), that stressors on fish physiology and reproduction were induced (Whitehead et al.,

2012), and that the resident insects and invertebrate populations were suppressed (McCall and Pennings, 2012). An essential requirement to evaluate signaling pathway the consequences of the oil on these coastal wetlands is to quantify the hydrocarbon content in the soil/sediment and how that content changes over time. Here we report a suite of ten data sets from samples collected between May 2010 to June 2013. We used GC/MS-SIM (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in selective ion monitoring mode) to quantitatively measured C10 to C35 normal alkanes plus pristane and phytane, 2- to 6-ringed parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and many of their Enzalutamide ic50 respective C1 to C3 or C4 alkyl homologs. These are called “target” compounds throughout this study and are listed in Table 2. The normal alkanes are saturated, straight-chain hydrocarbons with single bonds for the carbon-to-carbon linked chains that are readily biodegraded and are not considered to be major health hazards. Degradation of n-alkanes is principally by oxidation of the terminal carbon atom. Additionally, normal alkane profiles are useful for characterizing changes in oil composition as a result of weathering. The isoprenoid hydrocarbons, pristane and phytane,

are particularly useful because they are thought to biodegrade slower than the straight chain saturates; therefore, a ratio of the branched to normal hydrocarbons (e.g., nC17:Pristane or nC18:Phytane) can be used to understand biodegradation and evaporative weathering patterns. PAHs, in contrast, form multiple

six-carbon ring systems consisting of alternating single- and double-bonded carbon atoms. Because of this bonding arrangement, microbiotoa can incompletely or completely oxidize PAH compounds by P450 enzyme systems. This enzymatic oxidation potential results in some of the metabolized PAH structures becoming more toxic pollutants (i.e., carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic; Tuvikene, 1995 and Bamforth and Singleton, 2005). The purpose of quantifying and documenting the targeted n-alkane and PAH concentrations in the surface soil layer of Louisiana wetlands was to: (1) provide a baseline of concentrations click here in these areas before the MC252 oil came ashore, (2) document areas where the oil was accumulating, (3) characterize changes in the concentrations of the target alkanes and aromatics in these areas over the first 3 years after the oil came ashore, and (4) examine how closely the variation in these site-specific data are represented by the results of the inter-agency rapid-assessment comparative surveys of marsh oiling. We sampled wetland sediments in three southern Louisiana estuaries before the oil from the Macondo well blowout entered the wetlands (Fig. 1A), and nine times afterwards, from September 2010 to June 2013 (Fig. 1A-J).