Studies have found that in general, racial/ethnic minority older adults were less likely than their non-Hispanic White peers to use formal mental health services, but more likely to use traditional self-care regimens and prayer and to turn to their informal support networks and to clergy (Snowden 2001). These racial/ethnic differences in help-seeking behaviors may be due in part to cultural differences in the way a person’s symptoms are manifested, defined, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical interpreted, and labeled and in the person’s attitudes, values, and knowledge about negative

aspects or perceived barriers (i.e., side effects, expense, inconvenience) of pharmacotherapy (Andersen 1995; Lewis–Fernandez and Diaz 2002). Interestingly, though, our findings show that Hispanic older adults did not differ from their non-Hispanic peers in their likelihood of taking antidepressants. The findings also show that the participants’ perception of effectiveness of antidepressants tended to match their depressive Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical symptoms, as those with higher HAMD scores reported Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical lower effectiveness ratings. Although those aged 70 or older also reported lower effectiveness ratings, sex and race/ethnicity were not

significant predictors of perceived effectiveness of antidepressants. This suggests that a majority of the current users, regardless of sex and race/ethnicity, perceive the medication as being at least somewhat effective. However, as those who had been dissatisfied Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical with antidepressant use were likely to have stopped using them, this finding needs to be interpreted with caution. In many efficacy trials of antidepressants in the treatment of late-life depression, antidepressants were more effective than placebos,

and no difference was found in antidepressant class outcomes among older adults with major depression or nonspecific depression severity, although Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical SSRIs may be better tolerated than tricyclics (Roose and Schatzberg 2005; Reynolds et al. 2006). However, a meta-analysis of the use of second-generation antidepressants almost in late life found their effects tend to be modest (Nelson et al. 2008). A previous study also suggested that older adults with the greatest comorbidity may be at high risk for poor depression treatment outcomes (Kales and Valenstein 2005), while another study found that antidepressants are effective in depressed patients with a range of comorbid physical conditions (Sheikh et al. 2004). Despite the generally positive perception of effectiveness of antidepressants among the study participants who had been taking the medications for at least 8 weeks (and some for a much longer period), the PXD101 in vitro continuing depression—either nonremitted or in partial remission—of all of them suggests that their care may not have been well monitored by the prescribing clinician.