ED Assessments All full assessments included selleck chem common items on smoking urge, setting, activity, mood, and PTSD symptoms. Setting Participants reported their current setting (home, friend/family member��s home, work, car/bus, bar/restaurant, outside, or other location). They also recorded the social situation (alone, with family, strangers, coworkers, or friends) and whether others were smoking in view of them (no; yes, in my social group; yes, in view only). Activity Participants recorded the activity in which they were engaged (work, leisure, interaction with others, telephone, inactivity, or driving). They also recorded recent consumption of food or drink, coffee or other caffeine, alcohol, and medications.

Affect Participants rated the severity items from the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Watson, Clark, & Carey, 1988; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988) along with several additional items (e.g., stress, boredom, and alertness) and items from the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria for nicotine withdrawal (e.g., anxiety, worry, hunger, and restlessness). Smoking Abstinence Self-efficacy Smoking self-efficacy was assessed daily with an ED item asking, ��Confident in ability to abstain?�� scored on a 4-point scale (1 = NO!!, 2 = no??, 3 = yes??, 4 = YES!!) (Shiffman et al., 2000). Smoking abstinence self-efficacy was computed by averaging self-efficacy responses from random ED assessments between the quit date and first lapse, resulting in one self-efficacy mean score for each participant who completed an assessment before lapsing.

PTSD Symptoms Presence and severity of 13 of the 17 DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) PTSD symptoms were assessed using the Davidson Trauma Scale (Davidson et al., 1997). Frequency was assessed following procedures outlined in our previous work (Beckham et al., 2005). Severity was assessed on a 5-point scale with anchors ranging from ��not at all�� to ��extremely.�� This yielded a summary score for trauma-related symptoms at each measurement. Lapse Factors When participants indicated their first lapse, it triggered an assessment that included an item asking for their attributed cause of the lapse by stating ��What factor(s) do you feel are MOST related to smoking this cigarette? (Check all that apply).

�� Potential lapse causes included ��where you are,�� ��who you are with,�� ��what you are doing,�� ��positive emotion,�� ��negative emotion,�� ��trauma symptoms,�� and ��physical craving.�� Items were scored dichotomously. Of the 94 Dacomitinib participants who lapsed, 12 reported their first lapse on random alarm assessments, 2 reported first lapse at study visits instead of using the diary, 2 reported first lapse on the evening diary, 5 did not report a lapse but were classified as lapsers based on biological data, and 2 completed lapse readings that were invalid or incomplete.