We found that LPS induced ATF2 translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus, which was inhibited by pretreat GS-1101 ment with either PP1 or edaravone. These data suggested that ATF2 phosphorylation involved in LPS induced VCAM 1 e pression is mediated through c Src NADPH o idase ROS p38 MAPK pathway in HRMCs. LPS induces VCAM 1 e pression via the formation of an ATF2 p300 comple p300 has been shown to be involved in VCAM 1 induction. Here, we investigated whether LPS could induce VCAM 1 e pression via p300 in HRMCs. As shown in Figures 6A, B and C, pretreatment with the inhibitor of p300 significantly reduced LPS induced VCAM 1 protein and mRNA e pression and promoter activity. On the other hand, we also demonstrated that transfection with p300 siRNA down regulated p300 protein levels and LPS induced VCAM 1 e pression.

LPS also stimu lated p300 phosphorylation in a time dependent manner in HRMCs, which was inhibited by pretreatment with GR343, PP1, edaravone, apocynin, or SB202190. We further investigated the physical association between p300 and ATF2 in LPS treated HRMCs. As shown in Figure 6G, cells were stimulated with 10 ug ml LPS for the indicated time intervals. The cell lysates were subjected to immunoprecipitation using an anti p300 antibody, and then the immunoprecipitates were analyzed by Western blotting using an anti p300 or anti ATF2 antibody. The protein levels of ATF2 were time dependently increased in p300 immunoprecipitated comple . These results suggested that LPS triggered the interaction between p300 and ATF2 leading to VCAM 1 e pression in HRMCs.

Induction of VCAM 1 enhances adhesion of THP 1 cells to HRMCs challenged with LPS We investigated the roles of c Src, p47pho , p38 MAPK, ATF2, GSK-3 and p300 in the adhesion of THP 1 cells to HRMCs challenged with LPS. As shown in Figure 7, transfection with siRNAs of c Src, p47pho , p38 MAPK, ATF2, and p300 or preincubation with an anti VCAM 1 neutralizing antibody markedly inhibited the adhesion of THP 1 cells to HRMCs treated with LPS. Discussion LPS has been shown to stimulate TNF production and ICAM 1 and VCAM 1 e pression leading to renal inflam matory diseases. LPS induced VCAM 1 e pression has been shown to be mediated through MAPKs, AP 1, and NF ��B in various cells types. It has been reported that NADPH o idase ROS generation is necessary for VCAM 1 induction.

Thus, these signaling compo nents may regulate VCAM 1 induction in response to LPS in HRMCs. However, the detail mechanisms Crizotinib ROS1 under lying LPS induced VCAM 1 e pression in HRMCs re main largely unknown. In this study, our results demonstrated that LPS induced VCAM 1 e pression and the adhesion of THP 1 cells to HRMCs were mediated through the p38 MAPK dependent p300 ATF2 pathway, which was transactivated by a TLR4 MyD88 dependent c Src NADPH o idase ROS cascade in these cells. TLRs are type I transmembrane receptors that e pressed on the cell membrane induced by LPS. More than 10 human TLRs have been identified.