Their chemical structures, formula, phase behavior, and thermal stability were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analyses, differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. this website The selective reflection of light was investigated with ultraviolet/visible spectrometer. The influence of the

mesogenic core rigidity, spacer length, and menthyl steric effect on the mesomorphism of M1M4 and P1P4 was examined. By inserting a flexible spacer between the mesogenic core and the terminal menthyl groups, four target monomers and polymers could form the expected mesophase. Moreover, their melting temperature (Tm), glass transition temperature (Tg), clearing temperature (Ti), and mesophase range (?T) increased with increasing the mesogenic core rigidity; whereas the Tm and Tg decreased, Ti and ?T increased with an increase of the spacer length. M1 and M2 showed monotropic and enantiotropic cholesteric phase, respectively, whereas M3 and M4 all revealed chiral smectic C (SmC*), cholesteric and cubic blue phases. In addition, with increasing temperature, the selective reflection of light shifted to the long wavelength region at the SmC* phase range and to the short wavelength region at the cholesteric

range, respectively. P1 and P2 only showed a smectic A (SmA) phase, whereas P3 and P4 exhibited the SmC* and SmA phases. All the obtained polymers had very GS-1101 supplier good thermal stability. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym Chem, 2012″
“Background: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, Selleck BLZ945 noncontiguous, and

exudative disorder accompanied by perivascular infiltration of immune mediators, including T-helper (Type 1 helper/Type 2 helper) cells, mast cells, and immunoglobulin E. The current study explores the immunomodulatory and histological effects of nanoparticle (NP)-based transcutaneous delivery of hydrocortisone (HC). Methods: In this study, HC, the least potent topical glucocorticoid, was administered transcutaneously as chitosan NPs. The pharmacological and immunological effects of the NP-based HC delivery on the alleviation of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions were evaluated using the NC/Nga mouse model. Results: In vivo Dino-Lite (R) microscopic assessment revealed that the NP-based formulation displayed a remarkable ability to reduce the severity of the pathological features of AD (dermatitis index, 3.0). The AD suppressive activity of the NP-based topical formulation was expected owing to the interruption of a series of immunopathological events, including the production of immunoglobulin E, release of histamine, and expression of prostaglandin-E-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-alpha in the sera and skin of the tested animals.