5%) refused to participate, three (1.5%) were missed due to staff anticipating an early discharge date, and 53 (26%) were recruited. The baseline characteristics of participants are shown in Table 1. Two participants were wrongly recruited into the randomised controlled trial (ie, they met the minimum criteria); however they continued through the duration of the trial. All participants commenced the intervention to which they were originally

allocated. Two participants in the experimental group completed fewer than four of the six classes scheduled in the protocol: one was recovering from cranioplasty, and one failed to attend. Three participants in the control group completed fewer than four of the classes, all due to failure to attend. The circuit class provided a sufficient cardiorespiratory exercise dosage for 15/53 (28%, 95% CI 18 to 42) of the participants in the observational study Tofacitinib supplier according to the heart rate reserve criteria, and for 33/53 (62%, 95% CI 49 to 74) of participants according to the caloric expenditure criteria. Overall, participants spent

< 20 mins in their heart rate training zone (mean 13 min, SD 14) but expended > 300 kcal (mean 377 kcal, SD 137), as presented in Table 2. The intensity of the circuit class was low (mean 34.3% heart rate reserve, SD 16.7) and the duration was long (mean 52.1 minutes, SD 3.1). selleck inhibitor Figure 2 presents the within-subject variability between classes during the baseline period. Four out of 15 participants whose average time in the heart rate training zone was > 20 minutes had at least one class where they exercised below threshold for a cardiorespiratory fitness training effect. Conversely, 7 of 38 participants whose average time

in the heart rate training zone was < 20 minutes had at least one class where they exercised above threshold for a cardiorespiratory fitness training effect. Twelve of the 53 participants were not able to spend any time in their heart rate training zone for any classes. There was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group for the time spent in the heart rate training zone during the intervention period or during the re-assessment SB-3CT period. The mean time spent in the heart rate training zone during the intervention period was 10.9 minutes (SD 10.8) for the experimental group versus 6.1 minutes (SD 7.5) for the control group; mean difference 4.8 minutes (95% CI –1.4 to 10.9). The mean time spent in the heart rate training zone during the re-assessment period was 8.3 minutes (SD 8.9) for the experimental group versus 7.1 minutes (SD 9.4) for the control group; mean difference 1.9 minutes (95% CI –4.4 to 8.3), as presented in Figure 3. The smallest clinically important between-group difference chosen for this trial was 33% of the total exercise time spent in the heart rate training zone.