, 2011). Additionally,

Rbt5, Pga10, and Csa1 have been shown to be involved in heme binding (Weissman & Kornitzer, 2004). Csa2 is a small non-GPI protein (146 amino acids including its predicted 18 amino acid SP) and is only detected in the medium, while the others are GPI proteins that are covalently linked to the wall or plasma membrane. Although the function of Csa2 is unknown, these data suggest that it is involved in iron acquisition as well. Conceivably, it might Neratinib order function similar to Pra1. Msb2 is a signaling mucin with a large, heavily glycosylated extracellular domain, a single transmembrane sequence, and a short cytoplasmic domain. It senses cell wall damage and activates the Cek1 MAP kinase pathway (Roman et al., 2009). Despite its transmembrane sequence, Msb2 will be discussed here, because its extracellular domain is regularly found in the medium. It is cleaved off close to the plasma membrane and released into the extracellular environment (Szafranski-Schneider et al., 2012). In contrast to the S. cerevisiae homolog ScMsb2, which is processed by the GPI-anchored Sap9 ortholog ScYps1

(Vadaie et al., 2008), shedding in C. albicans is not dependent on Sap9 or Sap10 activity (Szafranski-Schneider et al., 2012). Proteomic analysis has identified peptides originating from the cleavage region of Msb2 under almost every culture condition. This region is not glycosylated, which facilitates the identification of Msb2 (Sorgo et al., 2010, 2011; Ene et al., 2012; Szafranski-Schneider et al., 2012; selleck chemicals llc Heilmann et al., submitted). Strikingly, the liberated extracellular part of Msb2 binds antimicrobial peptides, thus protecting C. albicans from the host immune response (Szafranski-Schneider et al., 2012). Secreted proteins with wall-related functions are presumably very abundant, as multiple tryptic peptides were detected in almost every growth condition (Fig. 2). The core set of seven secreted proteins detected in all conditions examined are glycosyl hydrolases (Table 1). They are generally responsible for maintaining cell wall integrity and wall remodeling,

and many of them are involved in cell separation, acting downstream of the regulation Methocarbamol of Ace2 and morphogenesis (RAM) network (Saputo et al., 2012). Sun41 and Sim1/Sun42 belong to the SUN family as they both contain the so-called ‘SUN’ domain. Like their ortholog in S. cerevisiae, mutations in UTH1 and SUN42, SIM1, and SUN42 of C. albicans are synthetically lethal, and their individual inactivation leads to a serious cell separation defect (Mouassite et al., 2000; Firon et al., 2007). Both secreted proteins were detected consistently under all growth conditions examined. Furthermore, they are required to maintain wall integrity of the mother cell after cell separation, which suggests them acting downstream of the RAM pathway (Firon et al., 2007).